What is a form?

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I have read about differential forms, bilinear forms, quadratic forms and some other r-linear forms but I still have this shred of doubt in my mind on what exactly is a form. I have an assumption that it is to a ring what a vector is to a field. I apologise if it is a repost or something though.










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    But what is it that distinguishes a form from a function? I can't call every function a form, can I?
    – user606304
    1 hour ago










  • My understanding is that we call something a form when it appears in the form of a linear combination $sum_i_1,ldots,i_nin S a_i_1cdots i_n x_i_1odotcdotsodot x_i_n$, where the $x_i$s are some members of an algebra and the symbol $odot$ denotes some sort of product. For linear or multilinear forms in linear algebra, the $x_i$s are just indeterminates; in differential forms the $x_i$s here are replaced by the differentials $dx_i$s and the $odot$ is the exterior product. But this certainly doesn't cover every usage of the word "form" in mathematics.
    – user1551
    10 mins ago















up vote
7
down vote

favorite












I have read about differential forms, bilinear forms, quadratic forms and some other r-linear forms but I still have this shred of doubt in my mind on what exactly is a form. I have an assumption that it is to a ring what a vector is to a field. I apologise if it is a repost or something though.










share|cite|improve this question

















  • 1




    But what is it that distinguishes a form from a function? I can't call every function a form, can I?
    – user606304
    1 hour ago










  • My understanding is that we call something a form when it appears in the form of a linear combination $sum_i_1,ldots,i_nin S a_i_1cdots i_n x_i_1odotcdotsodot x_i_n$, where the $x_i$s are some members of an algebra and the symbol $odot$ denotes some sort of product. For linear or multilinear forms in linear algebra, the $x_i$s are just indeterminates; in differential forms the $x_i$s here are replaced by the differentials $dx_i$s and the $odot$ is the exterior product. But this certainly doesn't cover every usage of the word "form" in mathematics.
    – user1551
    10 mins ago













up vote
7
down vote

favorite









up vote
7
down vote

favorite











I have read about differential forms, bilinear forms, quadratic forms and some other r-linear forms but I still have this shred of doubt in my mind on what exactly is a form. I have an assumption that it is to a ring what a vector is to a field. I apologise if it is a repost or something though.










share|cite|improve this question













I have read about differential forms, bilinear forms, quadratic forms and some other r-linear forms but I still have this shred of doubt in my mind on what exactly is a form. I have an assumption that it is to a ring what a vector is to a field. I apologise if it is a repost or something though.







linear-algebra differential-geometry differential-forms quadratic-forms modular-forms






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asked 1 hour ago









user606304

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382







  • 1




    But what is it that distinguishes a form from a function? I can't call every function a form, can I?
    – user606304
    1 hour ago










  • My understanding is that we call something a form when it appears in the form of a linear combination $sum_i_1,ldots,i_nin S a_i_1cdots i_n x_i_1odotcdotsodot x_i_n$, where the $x_i$s are some members of an algebra and the symbol $odot$ denotes some sort of product. For linear or multilinear forms in linear algebra, the $x_i$s are just indeterminates; in differential forms the $x_i$s here are replaced by the differentials $dx_i$s and the $odot$ is the exterior product. But this certainly doesn't cover every usage of the word "form" in mathematics.
    – user1551
    10 mins ago













  • 1




    But what is it that distinguishes a form from a function? I can't call every function a form, can I?
    – user606304
    1 hour ago










  • My understanding is that we call something a form when it appears in the form of a linear combination $sum_i_1,ldots,i_nin S a_i_1cdots i_n x_i_1odotcdotsodot x_i_n$, where the $x_i$s are some members of an algebra and the symbol $odot$ denotes some sort of product. For linear or multilinear forms in linear algebra, the $x_i$s are just indeterminates; in differential forms the $x_i$s here are replaced by the differentials $dx_i$s and the $odot$ is the exterior product. But this certainly doesn't cover every usage of the word "form" in mathematics.
    – user1551
    10 mins ago








1




1




But what is it that distinguishes a form from a function? I can't call every function a form, can I?
– user606304
1 hour ago




But what is it that distinguishes a form from a function? I can't call every function a form, can I?
– user606304
1 hour ago












My understanding is that we call something a form when it appears in the form of a linear combination $sum_i_1,ldots,i_nin S a_i_1cdots i_n x_i_1odotcdotsodot x_i_n$, where the $x_i$s are some members of an algebra and the symbol $odot$ denotes some sort of product. For linear or multilinear forms in linear algebra, the $x_i$s are just indeterminates; in differential forms the $x_i$s here are replaced by the differentials $dx_i$s and the $odot$ is the exterior product. But this certainly doesn't cover every usage of the word "form" in mathematics.
– user1551
10 mins ago





My understanding is that we call something a form when it appears in the form of a linear combination $sum_i_1,ldots,i_nin S a_i_1cdots i_n x_i_1odotcdotsodot x_i_n$, where the $x_i$s are some members of an algebra and the symbol $odot$ denotes some sort of product. For linear or multilinear forms in linear algebra, the $x_i$s are just indeterminates; in differential forms the $x_i$s here are replaced by the differentials $dx_i$s and the $odot$ is the exterior product. But this certainly doesn't cover every usage of the word "form" in mathematics.
– user1551
10 mins ago











2 Answers
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3
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I initially upvoted Michael Hoppe's answer because it is a true statement, but I don't think it quite addresses the OP's question, since bilinear and $k$-linear forms more generally are neither linear nor have domain $V$, and quadratic forms aren't even linear.



I think perhaps the best answer so far was given by Dietrich Burde in the comments. A form is just another word for function. However that's perhaps not so illuminating.



All the examples you've listed have some things in common.



  1. All of them involve a vector space $V$ over a field $K$

  2. All of them are functions from a product of the vector space with itself to the ground field. I.e. they are all of the form $Vtimes Vtimes cdots times V=V^nto K$.

There aren't really any more similarities than that though, and these similarities might not hold for all things called forms. The key thing that determines what the word "form" means are the adjectives in front of it.



You probably know what the specific things you mentioned are, but just to highlight their similarities and differences, and why I say the adjectives in front of the word "form" are more important than the word "form" itself, their definitions are given below.



For example, a $k$-linear or multilinear form on $V$ is a function $F(v_1,ldots,v_k)$ from $V^k$ to $K$ such that whenever the other arguments are held constant, the map $v_imapsto F(v_1,ldots,v_i,ldots,v_k)$ is a linear map.



A bilinear form is just a $k$-linear form where $k=2$.



A quadratic form is a function $q$ from $V$ to $K$ such that $f(tv)=t^2v$ for all $tin K$, and $vin V$ and such that $B(v,w):=q(v+w)-q(v)-q(w)$ is a bilinear form on $V$.



Finally a differential $k$-form (well sort of) on a vector space $V$ is a $k$-linear form on $V$ that is alternating, which means that $F(v_1,ldots,v,ldots,v,ldots,v_n)=0$ whenever two of the arguments of the $k$-form are equal. Usually though a differential form is an object on a manifold that smoothly assigns what I've just called a differential form to the tangent space at every point of some open subset of the manifold.






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    If $V$ is a vector space over field $F$, any $F$-valued linear map with domain $V$ is called a form.






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      2 Answers
      2






      active

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      2 Answers
      2






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      active

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      up vote
      3
      down vote













      I initially upvoted Michael Hoppe's answer because it is a true statement, but I don't think it quite addresses the OP's question, since bilinear and $k$-linear forms more generally are neither linear nor have domain $V$, and quadratic forms aren't even linear.



      I think perhaps the best answer so far was given by Dietrich Burde in the comments. A form is just another word for function. However that's perhaps not so illuminating.



      All the examples you've listed have some things in common.



      1. All of them involve a vector space $V$ over a field $K$

      2. All of them are functions from a product of the vector space with itself to the ground field. I.e. they are all of the form $Vtimes Vtimes cdots times V=V^nto K$.

      There aren't really any more similarities than that though, and these similarities might not hold for all things called forms. The key thing that determines what the word "form" means are the adjectives in front of it.



      You probably know what the specific things you mentioned are, but just to highlight their similarities and differences, and why I say the adjectives in front of the word "form" are more important than the word "form" itself, their definitions are given below.



      For example, a $k$-linear or multilinear form on $V$ is a function $F(v_1,ldots,v_k)$ from $V^k$ to $K$ such that whenever the other arguments are held constant, the map $v_imapsto F(v_1,ldots,v_i,ldots,v_k)$ is a linear map.



      A bilinear form is just a $k$-linear form where $k=2$.



      A quadratic form is a function $q$ from $V$ to $K$ such that $f(tv)=t^2v$ for all $tin K$, and $vin V$ and such that $B(v,w):=q(v+w)-q(v)-q(w)$ is a bilinear form on $V$.



      Finally a differential $k$-form (well sort of) on a vector space $V$ is a $k$-linear form on $V$ that is alternating, which means that $F(v_1,ldots,v,ldots,v,ldots,v_n)=0$ whenever two of the arguments of the $k$-form are equal. Usually though a differential form is an object on a manifold that smoothly assigns what I've just called a differential form to the tangent space at every point of some open subset of the manifold.






      share|cite|improve this answer
























        up vote
        3
        down vote













        I initially upvoted Michael Hoppe's answer because it is a true statement, but I don't think it quite addresses the OP's question, since bilinear and $k$-linear forms more generally are neither linear nor have domain $V$, and quadratic forms aren't even linear.



        I think perhaps the best answer so far was given by Dietrich Burde in the comments. A form is just another word for function. However that's perhaps not so illuminating.



        All the examples you've listed have some things in common.



        1. All of them involve a vector space $V$ over a field $K$

        2. All of them are functions from a product of the vector space with itself to the ground field. I.e. they are all of the form $Vtimes Vtimes cdots times V=V^nto K$.

        There aren't really any more similarities than that though, and these similarities might not hold for all things called forms. The key thing that determines what the word "form" means are the adjectives in front of it.



        You probably know what the specific things you mentioned are, but just to highlight their similarities and differences, and why I say the adjectives in front of the word "form" are more important than the word "form" itself, their definitions are given below.



        For example, a $k$-linear or multilinear form on $V$ is a function $F(v_1,ldots,v_k)$ from $V^k$ to $K$ such that whenever the other arguments are held constant, the map $v_imapsto F(v_1,ldots,v_i,ldots,v_k)$ is a linear map.



        A bilinear form is just a $k$-linear form where $k=2$.



        A quadratic form is a function $q$ from $V$ to $K$ such that $f(tv)=t^2v$ for all $tin K$, and $vin V$ and such that $B(v,w):=q(v+w)-q(v)-q(w)$ is a bilinear form on $V$.



        Finally a differential $k$-form (well sort of) on a vector space $V$ is a $k$-linear form on $V$ that is alternating, which means that $F(v_1,ldots,v,ldots,v,ldots,v_n)=0$ whenever two of the arguments of the $k$-form are equal. Usually though a differential form is an object on a manifold that smoothly assigns what I've just called a differential form to the tangent space at every point of some open subset of the manifold.






        share|cite|improve this answer






















          up vote
          3
          down vote










          up vote
          3
          down vote









          I initially upvoted Michael Hoppe's answer because it is a true statement, but I don't think it quite addresses the OP's question, since bilinear and $k$-linear forms more generally are neither linear nor have domain $V$, and quadratic forms aren't even linear.



          I think perhaps the best answer so far was given by Dietrich Burde in the comments. A form is just another word for function. However that's perhaps not so illuminating.



          All the examples you've listed have some things in common.



          1. All of them involve a vector space $V$ over a field $K$

          2. All of them are functions from a product of the vector space with itself to the ground field. I.e. they are all of the form $Vtimes Vtimes cdots times V=V^nto K$.

          There aren't really any more similarities than that though, and these similarities might not hold for all things called forms. The key thing that determines what the word "form" means are the adjectives in front of it.



          You probably know what the specific things you mentioned are, but just to highlight their similarities and differences, and why I say the adjectives in front of the word "form" are more important than the word "form" itself, their definitions are given below.



          For example, a $k$-linear or multilinear form on $V$ is a function $F(v_1,ldots,v_k)$ from $V^k$ to $K$ such that whenever the other arguments are held constant, the map $v_imapsto F(v_1,ldots,v_i,ldots,v_k)$ is a linear map.



          A bilinear form is just a $k$-linear form where $k=2$.



          A quadratic form is a function $q$ from $V$ to $K$ such that $f(tv)=t^2v$ for all $tin K$, and $vin V$ and such that $B(v,w):=q(v+w)-q(v)-q(w)$ is a bilinear form on $V$.



          Finally a differential $k$-form (well sort of) on a vector space $V$ is a $k$-linear form on $V$ that is alternating, which means that $F(v_1,ldots,v,ldots,v,ldots,v_n)=0$ whenever two of the arguments of the $k$-form are equal. Usually though a differential form is an object on a manifold that smoothly assigns what I've just called a differential form to the tangent space at every point of some open subset of the manifold.






          share|cite|improve this answer












          I initially upvoted Michael Hoppe's answer because it is a true statement, but I don't think it quite addresses the OP's question, since bilinear and $k$-linear forms more generally are neither linear nor have domain $V$, and quadratic forms aren't even linear.



          I think perhaps the best answer so far was given by Dietrich Burde in the comments. A form is just another word for function. However that's perhaps not so illuminating.



          All the examples you've listed have some things in common.



          1. All of them involve a vector space $V$ over a field $K$

          2. All of them are functions from a product of the vector space with itself to the ground field. I.e. they are all of the form $Vtimes Vtimes cdots times V=V^nto K$.

          There aren't really any more similarities than that though, and these similarities might not hold for all things called forms. The key thing that determines what the word "form" means are the adjectives in front of it.



          You probably know what the specific things you mentioned are, but just to highlight their similarities and differences, and why I say the adjectives in front of the word "form" are more important than the word "form" itself, their definitions are given below.



          For example, a $k$-linear or multilinear form on $V$ is a function $F(v_1,ldots,v_k)$ from $V^k$ to $K$ such that whenever the other arguments are held constant, the map $v_imapsto F(v_1,ldots,v_i,ldots,v_k)$ is a linear map.



          A bilinear form is just a $k$-linear form where $k=2$.



          A quadratic form is a function $q$ from $V$ to $K$ such that $f(tv)=t^2v$ for all $tin K$, and $vin V$ and such that $B(v,w):=q(v+w)-q(v)-q(w)$ is a bilinear form on $V$.



          Finally a differential $k$-form (well sort of) on a vector space $V$ is a $k$-linear form on $V$ that is alternating, which means that $F(v_1,ldots,v,ldots,v,ldots,v_n)=0$ whenever two of the arguments of the $k$-form are equal. Usually though a differential form is an object on a manifold that smoothly assigns what I've just called a differential form to the tangent space at every point of some open subset of the manifold.







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          answered 45 mins ago









          jgon

          8,76911536




          8,76911536




















              up vote
              0
              down vote













              If $V$ is a vector space over field $F$, any $F$-valued linear map with domain $V$ is called a form.






              share|cite|improve this answer
























                up vote
                0
                down vote













                If $V$ is a vector space over field $F$, any $F$-valued linear map with domain $V$ is called a form.






                share|cite|improve this answer






















                  up vote
                  0
                  down vote










                  up vote
                  0
                  down vote









                  If $V$ is a vector space over field $F$, any $F$-valued linear map with domain $V$ is called a form.






                  share|cite|improve this answer












                  If $V$ is a vector space over field $F$, any $F$-valued linear map with domain $V$ is called a form.







                  share|cite|improve this answer












                  share|cite|improve this answer



                  share|cite|improve this answer










                  answered 1 hour ago









                  Michael Hoppe

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