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What is “limited free willâ€�
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I have heard that humans have a limited or constrained free will, especially when biological limitations are brought up. However, Merriam-Webster dictionary says:
Limited
1a: confined within limits: RESTRICTED
And:
Constrain
1a: to force by imposed stricture, restriction, or limitation
Also, among the many definitions of free is:
Free
8a: not obstructed, restricted, or impeded
Does this mean limited free will is the same as restricted unrestricted will?
What is limited free will?
terminology free-will definitions
asked 5 hours ago
anonymouswho
387212
add a comment |Â
up vote
2
down vote
favorite
I have heard that humans have a limited or constrained free will, especially when biological limitations are brought up. However, Merriam-Webster dictionary says:
Limited
1a: confined within limits: RESTRICTED
And:
Constrain
1a: to force by imposed stricture, restriction, or limitation
Also, among the many definitions of free is:
Free
8a: not obstructed, restricted, or impeded
Does this mean limited free will is the same as restricted unrestricted will?
What is limited free will?
terminology free-will definitions
asked 5 hours ago
anonymouswho
387212
@Gordon. I flinch at questions on free will. Since the question was put, however, I thought (perhaps mistakenly) that I might be able to clarify the terms that puzzled the OP. Strawson's essay is a magnificent piece, I agree, It's a ray of light in the inky darkness.
– Geoffrey Thomas
2 hours ago
You are right, I had a spell of insanity.
– Gordon
20 mins ago
Here is that article on P.F. Strawson. Perhaps the OP is already familiar with him but I post it anyway.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/strawson
– Gordon
16 mins ago
add a comment |Â
up vote
2
down vote
favorite
up vote
2
down vote
favorite
I have heard that humans have a limited or constrained free will, especially when biological limitations are brought up. However, Merriam-Webster dictionary says:
Limited
1a: confined within limits: RESTRICTED
And:
Constrain
1a: to force by imposed stricture, restriction, or limitation
Also, among the many definitions of free is:
Free
8a: not obstructed, restricted, or impeded
Does this mean limited free will is the same as restricted unrestricted will?
What is limited free will?
terminology free-will definitions
asked 5 hours ago
anonymouswho
387212
I have heard that humans have a limited or constrained free will, especially when biological limitations are brought up. However, Merriam-Webster dictionary says:
Limited
1a: confined within limits: RESTRICTED
And:
Constrain
1a: to force by imposed stricture, restriction, or limitation
Also, among the many definitions of free is:
Free
8a: not obstructed, restricted, or impeded
Does this mean limited free will is the same as restricted unrestricted will?
What is limited free will?
terminology free-will definitions
terminology free-will definitions
asked 5 hours ago
anonymouswho
387212
asked 5 hours ago
anonymouswho
387212
edited 3 hours ago
asked 5 hours ago
anonymouswho
387212
asked 5 hours ago
anonymouswho
387212
asked 5 hours ago
anonymouswho
387212
387212
@Gordon. I flinch at questions on free will. Since the question was put, however, I thought (perhaps mistakenly) that I might be able to clarify the terms that puzzled the OP. Strawson's essay is a magnificent piece, I agree, It's a ray of light in the inky darkness.
– Geoffrey Thomas
2 hours ago
You are right, I had a spell of insanity.
– Gordon
20 mins ago
Here is that article on P.F. Strawson. Perhaps the OP is already familiar with him but I post it anyway.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/strawson
– Gordon
16 mins ago
add a comment |Â
@Gordon. I flinch at questions on free will. Since the question was put, however, I thought (perhaps mistakenly) that I might be able to clarify the terms that puzzled the OP. Strawson's essay is a magnificent piece, I agree, It's a ray of light in the inky darkness.
– Geoffrey Thomas
2 hours ago
You are right, I had a spell of insanity.
– Gordon
20 mins ago
Here is that article on P.F. Strawson. Perhaps the OP is already familiar with him but I post it anyway.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/strawson
– Gordon
16 mins ago
@Gordon. I flinch at questions on free will. Since the question was put, however, I thought (perhaps mistakenly) that I might be able to clarify the terms that puzzled the OP. Strawson's essay is a magnificent piece, I agree, It's a ray of light in the inky darkness.
– Geoffrey Thomas
2 hours ago
@Gordon. I flinch at questions on free will. Since the question was put, however, I thought (perhaps mistakenly) that I might be able to clarify the terms that puzzled the OP. Strawson's essay is a magnificent piece, I agree, It's a ray of light in the inky darkness.
– Geoffrey Thomas
2 hours ago
You are right, I had a spell of insanity.
– Gordon
20 mins ago
You are right, I had a spell of insanity.
– Gordon
20 mins ago
Here is that article on P.F. Strawson. Perhaps the OP is already familiar with him but I post it anyway.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/strawson
– Gordon
16 mins ago
Here is that article on P.F. Strawson. Perhaps the OP is already familiar with him but I post it anyway.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/strawson
– Gordon
16 mins ago
add a comment |Â
2 Answers
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active
oldest
votes
up vote
2
down vote
I am not familiar with the expression, 'limited free will', but I can see a sense in which it could be used.
The so-called libertarian view holds that X is free (has free will) at time t1 if and only if for some event or set of events, E2, there is no event or set of events, E1, that precedes E2 and is causally sufficient for E2. For 'events' we can read 'actions', which are a type of event.
In other words and in more detail, at time t1 for those actions in respect of which X is free, whatever the laws of nature and whatever the conditions of action, X can do simply any action that X chooses - and (a) X's choice, C1, itself is such that there is no event or set of events, E3, that precedes C1 and is causally sufficient for C1 and (b) X's action results from X's choice.
One might properly call this unlimited free will. (I offer no opinion as to its existence.)
In contrast, limited free will would take constraining factors into account in this sort of way :
At time t1, X could have chosen otherwise, C2, if X's desires and character had been different.
This leave's the agent's choice as the vital element but constrains that choice by the state of the agent's character and desires. One might in this case say that the agent had limited free will.
I am trying to conduct a purely conceptual exercise. What I think about free will - its reality or limits - cannot be inferred from anything here.
Reply
The objection, perfectly interesting, has been made :
Wouldn’t it be more appropriate to say the first example is an unlimited will which is truly free, whereas the second example is a limited will but in no way free? Or are unlimited and unrestricted not good synonyms for free in this context?
I find free will too tricky a topic to be dogmatic about but I'm inclined to reply that I think a choice limited by one's own desires and character is free; after all, one may have a range of choices given one's character and desires. It is not as if, given one's character and desires, there is only one possible choice. Given my character and desires, I may have choices 1, 2, 3 .... n. The actual choice I make is not determined by my character and desires, which merely set limits to the choices I can make.
answered 2 hours ago
Geoffrey Thomas
19.4k21578
Wouldn’t it be more appropriate to say the first example is an unlimited will which is truly free, whereas the second example is a limited will but in no way free? Or are unlimited and unrestricted not good synonyms for free in this context?
– anonymouswho
2 hours ago
I think a choice limited by one's own desires and character is free; after all, one may have a range of choices given one's character and desires. It is not as if, given one's character and desires, there is only one possible choice. Given my character and desires, I may have choices 1, 2, 3 .... n. The actual choice I make is not determined by my character and desires, which merely set limits to the choices I can make.
– Geoffrey Thomas
1 hour ago
@elliot svensson. Yes, thank you indeed for the correction. Much appreciated - Best : Geoffrey
– Geoffrey Thomas
47 mins ago
add a comment |Â
up vote
0
down vote
Robert Kane, a proponent of the "causal indeterminist or event-causal libertarian" view of free will defines free will as follows (page 269):
...there is at least one kind of freedom worth wanting that is not compatible with determinism. This additional important freedom, as I see it, is "free will," which I define as "the power to be the ultimate creator and sustainer of some of one's own ends or purposes."
Note the word "some". This is where one can talk about free will being "limited".
On the contrary, what would a determinist have to insist upon to defeat this type of free will? A determinist would need to assert that there does not exist any power for an agent, such as a human being, to be "the ultimate creator and sustain of" any of that agent's own ends or purposes.
Limited free will does not require the agent to have full and complete power over their actions. It just requires "the power to be the ultimate creator and sustainer of some of one's own ends or purposes."
Reference
Robert Kane, "Free Will: New Foundations for an Ancient Problem", Proceedings of the British Academy 48 (1962) reprinted in Free Will, Hackett Readings in Philosophy Second Edition, edited by Derk Pereboom 2009.
answered 1 hour ago
Frank Hubeny
3,8663837
add a comment |Â
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
up vote
2
down vote
I am not familiar with the expression, 'limited free will', but I can see a sense in which it could be used.
The so-called libertarian view holds that X is free (has free will) at time t1 if and only if for some event or set of events, E2, there is no event or set of events, E1, that precedes E2 and is causally sufficient for E2. For 'events' we can read 'actions', which are a type of event.
In other words and in more detail, at time t1 for those actions in respect of which X is free, whatever the laws of nature and whatever the conditions of action, X can do simply any action that X chooses - and (a) X's choice, C1, itself is such that there is no event or set of events, E3, that precedes C1 and is causally sufficient for C1 and (b) X's action results from X's choice.
One might properly call this unlimited free will. (I offer no opinion as to its existence.)
In contrast, limited free will would take constraining factors into account in this sort of way :
At time t1, X could have chosen otherwise, C2, if X's desires and character had been different.
This leave's the agent's choice as the vital element but constrains that choice by the state of the agent's character and desires. One might in this case say that the agent had limited free will.
I am trying to conduct a purely conceptual exercise. What I think about free will - its reality or limits - cannot be inferred from anything here.
Reply
The objection, perfectly interesting, has been made :
Wouldn’t it be more appropriate to say the first example is an unlimited will which is truly free, whereas the second example is a limited will but in no way free? Or are unlimited and unrestricted not good synonyms for free in this context?
I find free will too tricky a topic to be dogmatic about but I'm inclined to reply that I think a choice limited by one's own desires and character is free; after all, one may have a range of choices given one's character and desires. It is not as if, given one's character and desires, there is only one possible choice. Given my character and desires, I may have choices 1, 2, 3 .... n. The actual choice I make is not determined by my character and desires, which merely set limits to the choices I can make.
answered 2 hours ago
Geoffrey Thomas
19.4k21578
Wouldn’t it be more appropriate to say the first example is an unlimited will which is truly free, whereas the second example is a limited will but in no way free? Or are unlimited and unrestricted not good synonyms for free in this context?
– anonymouswho
2 hours ago
I think a choice limited by one's own desires and character is free; after all, one may have a range of choices given one's character and desires. It is not as if, given one's character and desires, there is only one possible choice. Given my character and desires, I may have choices 1, 2, 3 .... n. The actual choice I make is not determined by my character and desires, which merely set limits to the choices I can make.
– Geoffrey Thomas
1 hour ago
@elliot svensson. Yes, thank you indeed for the correction. Much appreciated - Best : Geoffrey
– Geoffrey Thomas
47 mins ago
add a comment |Â
up vote
2
down vote
I am not familiar with the expression, 'limited free will', but I can see a sense in which it could be used.
The so-called libertarian view holds that X is free (has free will) at time t1 if and only if for some event or set of events, E2, there is no event or set of events, E1, that precedes E2 and is causally sufficient for E2. For 'events' we can read 'actions', which are a type of event.
In other words and in more detail, at time t1 for those actions in respect of which X is free, whatever the laws of nature and whatever the conditions of action, X can do simply any action that X chooses - and (a) X's choice, C1, itself is such that there is no event or set of events, E3, that precedes C1 and is causally sufficient for C1 and (b) X's action results from X's choice.
One might properly call this unlimited free will. (I offer no opinion as to its existence.)
In contrast, limited free will would take constraining factors into account in this sort of way :
At time t1, X could have chosen otherwise, C2, if X's desires and character had been different.
This leave's the agent's choice as the vital element but constrains that choice by the state of the agent's character and desires. One might in this case say that the agent had limited free will.
I am trying to conduct a purely conceptual exercise. What I think about free will - its reality or limits - cannot be inferred from anything here.
Reply
The objection, perfectly interesting, has been made :
Wouldn’t it be more appropriate to say the first example is an unlimited will which is truly free, whereas the second example is a limited will but in no way free? Or are unlimited and unrestricted not good synonyms for free in this context?
I find free will too tricky a topic to be dogmatic about but I'm inclined to reply that I think a choice limited by one's own desires and character is free; after all, one may have a range of choices given one's character and desires. It is not as if, given one's character and desires, there is only one possible choice. Given my character and desires, I may have choices 1, 2, 3 .... n. The actual choice I make is not determined by my character and desires, which merely set limits to the choices I can make.
answered 2 hours ago
Geoffrey Thomas
19.4k21578
Wouldn’t it be more appropriate to say the first example is an unlimited will which is truly free, whereas the second example is a limited will but in no way free? Or are unlimited and unrestricted not good synonyms for free in this context?
– anonymouswho
2 hours ago
I think a choice limited by one's own desires and character is free; after all, one may have a range of choices given one's character and desires. It is not as if, given one's character and desires, there is only one possible choice. Given my character and desires, I may have choices 1, 2, 3 .... n. The actual choice I make is not determined by my character and desires, which merely set limits to the choices I can make.
– Geoffrey Thomas
1 hour ago
@elliot svensson. Yes, thank you indeed for the correction. Much appreciated - Best : Geoffrey
– Geoffrey Thomas
47 mins ago
add a comment |Â
up vote
2
down vote
up vote
2
down vote
I am not familiar with the expression, 'limited free will', but I can see a sense in which it could be used.
The so-called libertarian view holds that X is free (has free will) at time t1 if and only if for some event or set of events, E2, there is no event or set of events, E1, that precedes E2 and is causally sufficient for E2. For 'events' we can read 'actions', which are a type of event.
In other words and in more detail, at time t1 for those actions in respect of which X is free, whatever the laws of nature and whatever the conditions of action, X can do simply any action that X chooses - and (a) X's choice, C1, itself is such that there is no event or set of events, E3, that precedes C1 and is causally sufficient for C1 and (b) X's action results from X's choice.
One might properly call this unlimited free will. (I offer no opinion as to its existence.)
In contrast, limited free will would take constraining factors into account in this sort of way :
At time t1, X could have chosen otherwise, C2, if X's desires and character had been different.
This leave's the agent's choice as the vital element but constrains that choice by the state of the agent's character and desires. One might in this case say that the agent had limited free will.
I am trying to conduct a purely conceptual exercise. What I think about free will - its reality or limits - cannot be inferred from anything here.
Reply
The objection, perfectly interesting, has been made :
Wouldn’t it be more appropriate to say the first example is an unlimited will which is truly free, whereas the second example is a limited will but in no way free? Or are unlimited and unrestricted not good synonyms for free in this context?
I find free will too tricky a topic to be dogmatic about but I'm inclined to reply that I think a choice limited by one's own desires and character is free; after all, one may have a range of choices given one's character and desires. It is not as if, given one's character and desires, there is only one possible choice. Given my character and desires, I may have choices 1, 2, 3 .... n. The actual choice I make is not determined by my character and desires, which merely set limits to the choices I can make.
answered 2 hours ago
Geoffrey Thomas
19.4k21578
I am not familiar with the expression, 'limited free will', but I can see a sense in which it could be used.
The so-called libertarian view holds that X is free (has free will) at time t1 if and only if for some event or set of events, E2, there is no event or set of events, E1, that precedes E2 and is causally sufficient for E2. For 'events' we can read 'actions', which are a type of event.
In other words and in more detail, at time t1 for those actions in respect of which X is free, whatever the laws of nature and whatever the conditions of action, X can do simply any action that X chooses - and (a) X's choice, C1, itself is such that there is no event or set of events, E3, that precedes C1 and is causally sufficient for C1 and (b) X's action results from X's choice.
One might properly call this unlimited free will. (I offer no opinion as to its existence.)
In contrast, limited free will would take constraining factors into account in this sort of way :
At time t1, X could have chosen otherwise, C2, if X's desires and character had been different.
This leave's the agent's choice as the vital element but constrains that choice by the state of the agent's character and desires. One might in this case say that the agent had limited free will.
I am trying to conduct a purely conceptual exercise. What I think about free will - its reality or limits - cannot be inferred from anything here.
Reply
The objection, perfectly interesting, has been made :
Wouldn’t it be more appropriate to say the first example is an unlimited will which is truly free, whereas the second example is a limited will but in no way free? Or are unlimited and unrestricted not good synonyms for free in this context?
I find free will too tricky a topic to be dogmatic about but I'm inclined to reply that I think a choice limited by one's own desires and character is free; after all, one may have a range of choices given one's character and desires. It is not as if, given one's character and desires, there is only one possible choice. Given my character and desires, I may have choices 1, 2, 3 .... n. The actual choice I make is not determined by my character and desires, which merely set limits to the choices I can make.
answered 2 hours ago
Geoffrey Thomas
19.4k21578
edited 49 mins ago
answered 2 hours ago
Geoffrey Thomas
19.4k21578
answered 2 hours ago
Geoffrey Thomas
19.4k21578
answered 2 hours ago
Geoffrey Thomas
19.4k21578
19.4k21578
Wouldn’t it be more appropriate to say the first example is an unlimited will which is truly free, whereas the second example is a limited will but in no way free? Or are unlimited and unrestricted not good synonyms for free in this context?
– anonymouswho
2 hours ago
I think a choice limited by one's own desires and character is free; after all, one may have a range of choices given one's character and desires. It is not as if, given one's character and desires, there is only one possible choice. Given my character and desires, I may have choices 1, 2, 3 .... n. The actual choice I make is not determined by my character and desires, which merely set limits to the choices I can make.
– Geoffrey Thomas
1 hour ago
@elliot svensson. Yes, thank you indeed for the correction. Much appreciated - Best : Geoffrey
– Geoffrey Thomas
47 mins ago
add a comment |Â
Wouldn’t it be more appropriate to say the first example is an unlimited will which is truly free, whereas the second example is a limited will but in no way free? Or are unlimited and unrestricted not good synonyms for free in this context?
– anonymouswho
2 hours ago
I think a choice limited by one's own desires and character is free; after all, one may have a range of choices given one's character and desires. It is not as if, given one's character and desires, there is only one possible choice. Given my character and desires, I may have choices 1, 2, 3 .... n. The actual choice I make is not determined by my character and desires, which merely set limits to the choices I can make.
– Geoffrey Thomas
1 hour ago
@elliot svensson. Yes, thank you indeed for the correction. Much appreciated - Best : Geoffrey
– Geoffrey Thomas
47 mins ago
Wouldn’t it be more appropriate to say the first example is an unlimited will which is truly free, whereas the second example is a limited will but in no way free? Or are unlimited and unrestricted not good synonyms for free in this context?
– anonymouswho
2 hours ago
Wouldn’t it be more appropriate to say the first example is an unlimited will which is truly free, whereas the second example is a limited will but in no way free? Or are unlimited and unrestricted not good synonyms for free in this context?
– anonymouswho
2 hours ago
I think a choice limited by one's own desires and character is free; after all, one may have a range of choices given one's character and desires. It is not as if, given one's character and desires, there is only one possible choice. Given my character and desires, I may have choices 1, 2, 3 .... n. The actual choice I make is not determined by my character and desires, which merely set limits to the choices I can make.
– Geoffrey Thomas
1 hour ago
I think a choice limited by one's own desires and character is free; after all, one may have a range of choices given one's character and desires. It is not as if, given one's character and desires, there is only one possible choice. Given my character and desires, I may have choices 1, 2, 3 .... n. The actual choice I make is not determined by my character and desires, which merely set limits to the choices I can make.
– Geoffrey Thomas
1 hour ago
@elliot svensson. Yes, thank you indeed for the correction. Much appreciated - Best : Geoffrey
– Geoffrey Thomas
47 mins ago
@elliot svensson. Yes, thank you indeed for the correction. Much appreciated - Best : Geoffrey
– Geoffrey Thomas
47 mins ago
add a comment |Â
up vote
0
down vote
Robert Kane, a proponent of the "causal indeterminist or event-causal libertarian" view of free will defines free will as follows (page 269):
...there is at least one kind of freedom worth wanting that is not compatible with determinism. This additional important freedom, as I see it, is "free will," which I define as "the power to be the ultimate creator and sustainer of some of one's own ends or purposes."
Note the word "some". This is where one can talk about free will being "limited".
On the contrary, what would a determinist have to insist upon to defeat this type of free will? A determinist would need to assert that there does not exist any power for an agent, such as a human being, to be "the ultimate creator and sustain of" any of that agent's own ends or purposes.
Limited free will does not require the agent to have full and complete power over their actions. It just requires "the power to be the ultimate creator and sustainer of some of one's own ends or purposes."
Reference
Robert Kane, "Free Will: New Foundations for an Ancient Problem", Proceedings of the British Academy 48 (1962) reprinted in Free Will, Hackett Readings in Philosophy Second Edition, edited by Derk Pereboom 2009.
answered 1 hour ago
Frank Hubeny
3,8663837
add a comment |Â
up vote
0
down vote
Robert Kane, a proponent of the "causal indeterminist or event-causal libertarian" view of free will defines free will as follows (page 269):
...there is at least one kind of freedom worth wanting that is not compatible with determinism. This additional important freedom, as I see it, is "free will," which I define as "the power to be the ultimate creator and sustainer of some of one's own ends or purposes."
Note the word "some". This is where one can talk about free will being "limited".
On the contrary, what would a determinist have to insist upon to defeat this type of free will? A determinist would need to assert that there does not exist any power for an agent, such as a human being, to be "the ultimate creator and sustain of" any of that agent's own ends or purposes.
Limited free will does not require the agent to have full and complete power over their actions. It just requires "the power to be the ultimate creator and sustainer of some of one's own ends or purposes."
Reference
Robert Kane, "Free Will: New Foundations for an Ancient Problem", Proceedings of the British Academy 48 (1962) reprinted in Free Will, Hackett Readings in Philosophy Second Edition, edited by Derk Pereboom 2009.
answered 1 hour ago
Frank Hubeny
3,8663837
add a comment |Â
up vote
0
down vote
up vote
0
down vote
Robert Kane, a proponent of the "causal indeterminist or event-causal libertarian" view of free will defines free will as follows (page 269):
...there is at least one kind of freedom worth wanting that is not compatible with determinism. This additional important freedom, as I see it, is "free will," which I define as "the power to be the ultimate creator and sustainer of some of one's own ends or purposes."
Note the word "some". This is where one can talk about free will being "limited".
On the contrary, what would a determinist have to insist upon to defeat this type of free will? A determinist would need to assert that there does not exist any power for an agent, such as a human being, to be "the ultimate creator and sustain of" any of that agent's own ends or purposes.
Limited free will does not require the agent to have full and complete power over their actions. It just requires "the power to be the ultimate creator and sustainer of some of one's own ends or purposes."
Reference
Robert Kane, "Free Will: New Foundations for an Ancient Problem", Proceedings of the British Academy 48 (1962) reprinted in Free Will, Hackett Readings in Philosophy Second Edition, edited by Derk Pereboom 2009.
answered 1 hour ago
Frank Hubeny
3,8663837
Robert Kane, a proponent of the "causal indeterminist or event-causal libertarian" view of free will defines free will as follows (page 269):
...there is at least one kind of freedom worth wanting that is not compatible with determinism. This additional important freedom, as I see it, is "free will," which I define as "the power to be the ultimate creator and sustainer of some of one's own ends or purposes."
Note the word "some". This is where one can talk about free will being "limited".
On the contrary, what would a determinist have to insist upon to defeat this type of free will? A determinist would need to assert that there does not exist any power for an agent, such as a human being, to be "the ultimate creator and sustain of" any of that agent's own ends or purposes.
Limited free will does not require the agent to have full and complete power over their actions. It just requires "the power to be the ultimate creator and sustainer of some of one's own ends or purposes."
Reference
Robert Kane, "Free Will: New Foundations for an Ancient Problem", Proceedings of the British Academy 48 (1962) reprinted in Free Will, Hackett Readings in Philosophy Second Edition, edited by Derk Pereboom 2009.
answered 1 hour ago
Frank Hubeny
3,8663837
answered 1 hour ago
Frank Hubeny
3,8663837
answered 1 hour ago
Frank Hubeny
3,8663837
answered 1 hour ago
Frank Hubeny
3,8663837
3,8663837
add a comment |Â
add a comment |Â
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@Gordon. I flinch at questions on free will. Since the question was put, however, I thought (perhaps mistakenly) that I might be able to clarify the terms that puzzled the OP. Strawson's essay is a magnificent piece, I agree, It's a ray of light in the inky darkness.
– Geoffrey Thomas
2 hours ago
You are right, I had a spell of insanity.
– Gordon
20 mins ago
Here is that article on P.F. Strawson. Perhaps the OP is already familiar with him but I post it anyway.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/strawson
– Gordon
16 mins ago