Trying to figure out the difference between pronouncing short o and short u

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According to this video, the [u] letter as in Hund is the short version of [o:] instead of [u:], but as I know, there is another letter [o] as in Millionär being the short version of the same letter [o:].

So my question is, what's the difference between [o] and [u], if they're the same thing why do they use two different IPA letters to represent one single vowel?










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  • In what I perceive as standard pronunciation (e.g. in good radio programmes and in classical theatre) there is of course a difference between "Hund" and "Millionär", and therefore phoneticians use different IPA letters. Everyday usage, especially in dialect-affected regions (and most regions are) will vary considerably. In Swabian for example, it is indeed rather "Hond" like "Millionär". But that's not standard pronunciation.
    – Christian Geiselmann
    40 mins ago















up vote
1
down vote

favorite












According to this video, the [u] letter as in Hund is the short version of [o:] instead of [u:], but as I know, there is another letter [o] as in Millionär being the short version of the same letter [o:].

So my question is, what's the difference between [o] and [u], if they're the same thing why do they use two different IPA letters to represent one single vowel?










share|improve this question





















  • In what I perceive as standard pronunciation (e.g. in good radio programmes and in classical theatre) there is of course a difference between "Hund" and "Millionär", and therefore phoneticians use different IPA letters. Everyday usage, especially in dialect-affected regions (and most regions are) will vary considerably. In Swabian for example, it is indeed rather "Hond" like "Millionär". But that's not standard pronunciation.
    – Christian Geiselmann
    40 mins ago













up vote
1
down vote

favorite









up vote
1
down vote

favorite











According to this video, the [u] letter as in Hund is the short version of [o:] instead of [u:], but as I know, there is another letter [o] as in Millionär being the short version of the same letter [o:].

So my question is, what's the difference between [o] and [u], if they're the same thing why do they use two different IPA letters to represent one single vowel?










share|improve this question













According to this video, the [u] letter as in Hund is the short version of [o:] instead of [u:], but as I know, there is another letter [o] as in Millionär being the short version of the same letter [o:].

So my question is, what's the difference between [o] and [u], if they're the same thing why do they use two different IPA letters to represent one single vowel?







pronunciation






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share|improve this question










asked 1 hour ago









preachers

1112




1112











  • In what I perceive as standard pronunciation (e.g. in good radio programmes and in classical theatre) there is of course a difference between "Hund" and "Millionär", and therefore phoneticians use different IPA letters. Everyday usage, especially in dialect-affected regions (and most regions are) will vary considerably. In Swabian for example, it is indeed rather "Hond" like "Millionär". But that's not standard pronunciation.
    – Christian Geiselmann
    40 mins ago

















  • In what I perceive as standard pronunciation (e.g. in good radio programmes and in classical theatre) there is of course a difference between "Hund" and "Millionär", and therefore phoneticians use different IPA letters. Everyday usage, especially in dialect-affected regions (and most regions are) will vary considerably. In Swabian for example, it is indeed rather "Hond" like "Millionär". But that's not standard pronunciation.
    – Christian Geiselmann
    40 mins ago
















In what I perceive as standard pronunciation (e.g. in good radio programmes and in classical theatre) there is of course a difference between "Hund" and "Millionär", and therefore phoneticians use different IPA letters. Everyday usage, especially in dialect-affected regions (and most regions are) will vary considerably. In Swabian for example, it is indeed rather "Hond" like "Millionär". But that's not standard pronunciation.
– Christian Geiselmann
40 mins ago





In what I perceive as standard pronunciation (e.g. in good radio programmes and in classical theatre) there is of course a difference between "Hund" and "Millionär", and therefore phoneticians use different IPA letters. Everyday usage, especially in dialect-affected regions (and most regions are) will vary considerably. In Swabian for example, it is indeed rather "Hond" like "Millionär". But that's not standard pronunciation.
– Christian Geiselmann
40 mins ago











2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes

















up vote
2
down vote













This video is nonsense. The speaker himself said at the beginning (0:11 to 0:15):




Dafür verwende ich meine eigene phonetische Umschrift.

For that I use my own phonetic transcription.




This means nothing else but:




You can't compare the symbols, that I invented without any scientific background, with any standard phonetic symbols.




In fact the pronunciation of the examples in this video in the standardized international phonetic alphabet is:



  • [oː] (long close-mid back rounded vowel)


    Oma = [ˈoːma]

    Boot = [boːt]

    froh = [fʀoː]




  • [ʊ] (short near-close back rounded vowel)


    Hund = [hʊnt]

    Butter = [ˈbʊtɐ]

    Luft = [lʊft]




  • [ɔ] (short open-mid back rounded vowel)


    Post = [pɔst]

    Tonne = [ˈtɔnə]

    voll = [fɔl]




  • [uː] (long close back rounded vowel)


    U-Bahn = [ˈuːˌbaːn]

    gut = [ɡuːt]

    Ruhm = [ʀuːm]








share|improve this answer




















  • Yes, the phonetic transcription this guy uses is not standard IPA. But in the standard IPA letters, there are [ʊ] and [o] as in Hund and Millionär. Could you please let know the different pronunciation between these two IPA letters?
    – preachers
    28 mins ago










  • @preachers: this, and all other IPA pronunciatons can be found for some languages including German and English in a concise table here: en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:IPA_pronunciation_key
    – Takkat♦
    21 mins ago











  • @Takkat Thanks for your link, but I'm having trouble distinguishing these two sounds. I need some explanations here.
    – preachers
    12 mins ago










  • @preachers Is your native language not included in this table?
    – Takkat♦
    11 mins ago











  • @Takkat Yes, my mother tongue is Chinese mandarin.
    – preachers
    5 mins ago

















up vote
1
down vote













One problem (but not the only one) with this video is that it uses its own notation for sounds which makes it confusing for people who know IPA.



The short u in German is pronounced like the oo in English foot. The IPA symbol for this vowel is ​[⁠ʊ⁠]​.



While the German long o (IPA [oː]) may sound very similar when spoken short, I would not consider them the same sound. So I think it is correct that them IPA symbols are different. In some regional variants the sounds may be identical, but this is not generally true.



The short o found in Millionär is IPA ​[⁠ɔ⁠]​. Like the short u, it is a pronounced more open than its long German counterpart. It is pronounced much like the British English short o in lot or bot. This is not 100% true as the former is IPA [ɔ] and the latter is [ɒ], but the difference is IMHO not important in practical usage.



So we have four sounds:



Short u [ʊ] rounded centralized almost closed short back vowel



Long u [u:] closed rounded long back vowel



Short o [ɔ] half-open rounded short back vowel



Long o [o:] half-closed rounded long back vowel






share|improve this answer






















  • So, could you please help me distinguish these two sounds?
    – preachers
    36 mins ago










  • Sorry if this confuses you even further, but which two sounds do you mean? It's actually four sounds: [⁠ɔ⁠]​, [oː], ​[⁠ʊ⁠]​ and [uː]
    – RHa
    30 mins ago











  • I mean [ʊ] and [o] as in Hund and Millionär
    – preachers
    26 mins ago










  • As I know, the [ɔ] and [o] are different letters. Have a look at the word Nonne, this o is pronounced as [ɔ].
    – preachers
    24 mins ago











  • See IPA table for English Dutch German Spanish French Italian Catalan Russian Swedish Vietnamese Korean Greek Croatian Japanese Portuguese Finnish: en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:IPA_pronunciation_key
    – Takkat♦
    18 mins ago










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2 Answers
2






active

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2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

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active

oldest

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up vote
2
down vote













This video is nonsense. The speaker himself said at the beginning (0:11 to 0:15):




Dafür verwende ich meine eigene phonetische Umschrift.

For that I use my own phonetic transcription.




This means nothing else but:




You can't compare the symbols, that I invented without any scientific background, with any standard phonetic symbols.




In fact the pronunciation of the examples in this video in the standardized international phonetic alphabet is:



  • [oː] (long close-mid back rounded vowel)


    Oma = [ˈoːma]

    Boot = [boːt]

    froh = [fʀoː]




  • [ʊ] (short near-close back rounded vowel)


    Hund = [hʊnt]

    Butter = [ˈbʊtɐ]

    Luft = [lʊft]




  • [ɔ] (short open-mid back rounded vowel)


    Post = [pɔst]

    Tonne = [ˈtɔnə]

    voll = [fɔl]




  • [uː] (long close back rounded vowel)


    U-Bahn = [ˈuːˌbaːn]

    gut = [ɡuːt]

    Ruhm = [ʀuːm]








share|improve this answer




















  • Yes, the phonetic transcription this guy uses is not standard IPA. But in the standard IPA letters, there are [ʊ] and [o] as in Hund and Millionär. Could you please let know the different pronunciation between these two IPA letters?
    – preachers
    28 mins ago










  • @preachers: this, and all other IPA pronunciatons can be found for some languages including German and English in a concise table here: en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:IPA_pronunciation_key
    – Takkat♦
    21 mins ago











  • @Takkat Thanks for your link, but I'm having trouble distinguishing these two sounds. I need some explanations here.
    – preachers
    12 mins ago










  • @preachers Is your native language not included in this table?
    – Takkat♦
    11 mins ago











  • @Takkat Yes, my mother tongue is Chinese mandarin.
    – preachers
    5 mins ago














up vote
2
down vote













This video is nonsense. The speaker himself said at the beginning (0:11 to 0:15):




Dafür verwende ich meine eigene phonetische Umschrift.

For that I use my own phonetic transcription.




This means nothing else but:




You can't compare the symbols, that I invented without any scientific background, with any standard phonetic symbols.




In fact the pronunciation of the examples in this video in the standardized international phonetic alphabet is:



  • [oː] (long close-mid back rounded vowel)


    Oma = [ˈoːma]

    Boot = [boːt]

    froh = [fʀoː]




  • [ʊ] (short near-close back rounded vowel)


    Hund = [hʊnt]

    Butter = [ˈbʊtɐ]

    Luft = [lʊft]




  • [ɔ] (short open-mid back rounded vowel)


    Post = [pɔst]

    Tonne = [ˈtɔnə]

    voll = [fɔl]




  • [uː] (long close back rounded vowel)


    U-Bahn = [ˈuːˌbaːn]

    gut = [ɡuːt]

    Ruhm = [ʀuːm]








share|improve this answer




















  • Yes, the phonetic transcription this guy uses is not standard IPA. But in the standard IPA letters, there are [ʊ] and [o] as in Hund and Millionär. Could you please let know the different pronunciation between these two IPA letters?
    – preachers
    28 mins ago










  • @preachers: this, and all other IPA pronunciatons can be found for some languages including German and English in a concise table here: en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:IPA_pronunciation_key
    – Takkat♦
    21 mins ago











  • @Takkat Thanks for your link, but I'm having trouble distinguishing these two sounds. I need some explanations here.
    – preachers
    12 mins ago










  • @preachers Is your native language not included in this table?
    – Takkat♦
    11 mins ago











  • @Takkat Yes, my mother tongue is Chinese mandarin.
    – preachers
    5 mins ago












up vote
2
down vote










up vote
2
down vote









This video is nonsense. The speaker himself said at the beginning (0:11 to 0:15):




Dafür verwende ich meine eigene phonetische Umschrift.

For that I use my own phonetic transcription.




This means nothing else but:




You can't compare the symbols, that I invented without any scientific background, with any standard phonetic symbols.




In fact the pronunciation of the examples in this video in the standardized international phonetic alphabet is:



  • [oː] (long close-mid back rounded vowel)


    Oma = [ˈoːma]

    Boot = [boːt]

    froh = [fʀoː]




  • [ʊ] (short near-close back rounded vowel)


    Hund = [hʊnt]

    Butter = [ˈbʊtɐ]

    Luft = [lʊft]




  • [ɔ] (short open-mid back rounded vowel)


    Post = [pɔst]

    Tonne = [ˈtɔnə]

    voll = [fɔl]




  • [uː] (long close back rounded vowel)


    U-Bahn = [ˈuːˌbaːn]

    gut = [ɡuːt]

    Ruhm = [ʀuːm]








share|improve this answer












This video is nonsense. The speaker himself said at the beginning (0:11 to 0:15):




Dafür verwende ich meine eigene phonetische Umschrift.

For that I use my own phonetic transcription.




This means nothing else but:




You can't compare the symbols, that I invented without any scientific background, with any standard phonetic symbols.




In fact the pronunciation of the examples in this video in the standardized international phonetic alphabet is:



  • [oː] (long close-mid back rounded vowel)


    Oma = [ˈoːma]

    Boot = [boːt]

    froh = [fʀoː]




  • [ʊ] (short near-close back rounded vowel)


    Hund = [hʊnt]

    Butter = [ˈbʊtɐ]

    Luft = [lʊft]




  • [ɔ] (short open-mid back rounded vowel)


    Post = [pɔst]

    Tonne = [ˈtɔnə]

    voll = [fɔl]




  • [uː] (long close back rounded vowel)


    U-Bahn = [ˈuːˌbaːn]

    gut = [ɡuːt]

    Ruhm = [ʀuːm]









share|improve this answer












share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer










answered 38 mins ago









Hubert Schölnast

67.7k5100221




67.7k5100221











  • Yes, the phonetic transcription this guy uses is not standard IPA. But in the standard IPA letters, there are [ʊ] and [o] as in Hund and Millionär. Could you please let know the different pronunciation between these two IPA letters?
    – preachers
    28 mins ago










  • @preachers: this, and all other IPA pronunciatons can be found for some languages including German and English in a concise table here: en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:IPA_pronunciation_key
    – Takkat♦
    21 mins ago











  • @Takkat Thanks for your link, but I'm having trouble distinguishing these two sounds. I need some explanations here.
    – preachers
    12 mins ago










  • @preachers Is your native language not included in this table?
    – Takkat♦
    11 mins ago











  • @Takkat Yes, my mother tongue is Chinese mandarin.
    – preachers
    5 mins ago
















  • Yes, the phonetic transcription this guy uses is not standard IPA. But in the standard IPA letters, there are [ʊ] and [o] as in Hund and Millionär. Could you please let know the different pronunciation between these two IPA letters?
    – preachers
    28 mins ago










  • @preachers: this, and all other IPA pronunciatons can be found for some languages including German and English in a concise table here: en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:IPA_pronunciation_key
    – Takkat♦
    21 mins ago











  • @Takkat Thanks for your link, but I'm having trouble distinguishing these two sounds. I need some explanations here.
    – preachers
    12 mins ago










  • @preachers Is your native language not included in this table?
    – Takkat♦
    11 mins ago











  • @Takkat Yes, my mother tongue is Chinese mandarin.
    – preachers
    5 mins ago















Yes, the phonetic transcription this guy uses is not standard IPA. But in the standard IPA letters, there are [ʊ] and [o] as in Hund and Millionär. Could you please let know the different pronunciation between these two IPA letters?
– preachers
28 mins ago




Yes, the phonetic transcription this guy uses is not standard IPA. But in the standard IPA letters, there are [ʊ] and [o] as in Hund and Millionär. Could you please let know the different pronunciation between these two IPA letters?
– preachers
28 mins ago












@preachers: this, and all other IPA pronunciatons can be found for some languages including German and English in a concise table here: en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:IPA_pronunciation_key
– Takkat♦
21 mins ago





@preachers: this, and all other IPA pronunciatons can be found for some languages including German and English in a concise table here: en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:IPA_pronunciation_key
– Takkat♦
21 mins ago













@Takkat Thanks for your link, but I'm having trouble distinguishing these two sounds. I need some explanations here.
– preachers
12 mins ago




@Takkat Thanks for your link, but I'm having trouble distinguishing these two sounds. I need some explanations here.
– preachers
12 mins ago












@preachers Is your native language not included in this table?
– Takkat♦
11 mins ago





@preachers Is your native language not included in this table?
– Takkat♦
11 mins ago













@Takkat Yes, my mother tongue is Chinese mandarin.
– preachers
5 mins ago




@Takkat Yes, my mother tongue is Chinese mandarin.
– preachers
5 mins ago










up vote
1
down vote













One problem (but not the only one) with this video is that it uses its own notation for sounds which makes it confusing for people who know IPA.



The short u in German is pronounced like the oo in English foot. The IPA symbol for this vowel is ​[⁠ʊ⁠]​.



While the German long o (IPA [oː]) may sound very similar when spoken short, I would not consider them the same sound. So I think it is correct that them IPA symbols are different. In some regional variants the sounds may be identical, but this is not generally true.



The short o found in Millionär is IPA ​[⁠ɔ⁠]​. Like the short u, it is a pronounced more open than its long German counterpart. It is pronounced much like the British English short o in lot or bot. This is not 100% true as the former is IPA [ɔ] and the latter is [ɒ], but the difference is IMHO not important in practical usage.



So we have four sounds:



Short u [ʊ] rounded centralized almost closed short back vowel



Long u [u:] closed rounded long back vowel



Short o [ɔ] half-open rounded short back vowel



Long o [o:] half-closed rounded long back vowel






share|improve this answer






















  • So, could you please help me distinguish these two sounds?
    – preachers
    36 mins ago










  • Sorry if this confuses you even further, but which two sounds do you mean? It's actually four sounds: [⁠ɔ⁠]​, [oː], ​[⁠ʊ⁠]​ and [uː]
    – RHa
    30 mins ago











  • I mean [ʊ] and [o] as in Hund and Millionär
    – preachers
    26 mins ago










  • As I know, the [ɔ] and [o] are different letters. Have a look at the word Nonne, this o is pronounced as [ɔ].
    – preachers
    24 mins ago











  • See IPA table for English Dutch German Spanish French Italian Catalan Russian Swedish Vietnamese Korean Greek Croatian Japanese Portuguese Finnish: en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:IPA_pronunciation_key
    – Takkat♦
    18 mins ago














up vote
1
down vote













One problem (but not the only one) with this video is that it uses its own notation for sounds which makes it confusing for people who know IPA.



The short u in German is pronounced like the oo in English foot. The IPA symbol for this vowel is ​[⁠ʊ⁠]​.



While the German long o (IPA [oː]) may sound very similar when spoken short, I would not consider them the same sound. So I think it is correct that them IPA symbols are different. In some regional variants the sounds may be identical, but this is not generally true.



The short o found in Millionär is IPA ​[⁠ɔ⁠]​. Like the short u, it is a pronounced more open than its long German counterpart. It is pronounced much like the British English short o in lot or bot. This is not 100% true as the former is IPA [ɔ] and the latter is [ɒ], but the difference is IMHO not important in practical usage.



So we have four sounds:



Short u [ʊ] rounded centralized almost closed short back vowel



Long u [u:] closed rounded long back vowel



Short o [ɔ] half-open rounded short back vowel



Long o [o:] half-closed rounded long back vowel






share|improve this answer






















  • So, could you please help me distinguish these two sounds?
    – preachers
    36 mins ago










  • Sorry if this confuses you even further, but which two sounds do you mean? It's actually four sounds: [⁠ɔ⁠]​, [oː], ​[⁠ʊ⁠]​ and [uː]
    – RHa
    30 mins ago











  • I mean [ʊ] and [o] as in Hund and Millionär
    – preachers
    26 mins ago










  • As I know, the [ɔ] and [o] are different letters. Have a look at the word Nonne, this o is pronounced as [ɔ].
    – preachers
    24 mins ago











  • See IPA table for English Dutch German Spanish French Italian Catalan Russian Swedish Vietnamese Korean Greek Croatian Japanese Portuguese Finnish: en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:IPA_pronunciation_key
    – Takkat♦
    18 mins ago












up vote
1
down vote










up vote
1
down vote









One problem (but not the only one) with this video is that it uses its own notation for sounds which makes it confusing for people who know IPA.



The short u in German is pronounced like the oo in English foot. The IPA symbol for this vowel is ​[⁠ʊ⁠]​.



While the German long o (IPA [oː]) may sound very similar when spoken short, I would not consider them the same sound. So I think it is correct that them IPA symbols are different. In some regional variants the sounds may be identical, but this is not generally true.



The short o found in Millionär is IPA ​[⁠ɔ⁠]​. Like the short u, it is a pronounced more open than its long German counterpart. It is pronounced much like the British English short o in lot or bot. This is not 100% true as the former is IPA [ɔ] and the latter is [ɒ], but the difference is IMHO not important in practical usage.



So we have four sounds:



Short u [ʊ] rounded centralized almost closed short back vowel



Long u [u:] closed rounded long back vowel



Short o [ɔ] half-open rounded short back vowel



Long o [o:] half-closed rounded long back vowel






share|improve this answer














One problem (but not the only one) with this video is that it uses its own notation for sounds which makes it confusing for people who know IPA.



The short u in German is pronounced like the oo in English foot. The IPA symbol for this vowel is ​[⁠ʊ⁠]​.



While the German long o (IPA [oː]) may sound very similar when spoken short, I would not consider them the same sound. So I think it is correct that them IPA symbols are different. In some regional variants the sounds may be identical, but this is not generally true.



The short o found in Millionär is IPA ​[⁠ɔ⁠]​. Like the short u, it is a pronounced more open than its long German counterpart. It is pronounced much like the British English short o in lot or bot. This is not 100% true as the former is IPA [ɔ] and the latter is [ɒ], but the difference is IMHO not important in practical usage.



So we have four sounds:



Short u [ʊ] rounded centralized almost closed short back vowel



Long u [u:] closed rounded long back vowel



Short o [ɔ] half-open rounded short back vowel



Long o [o:] half-closed rounded long back vowel







share|improve this answer














share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer








edited 8 mins ago

























answered 42 mins ago









RHa

5,4741324




5,4741324











  • So, could you please help me distinguish these two sounds?
    – preachers
    36 mins ago










  • Sorry if this confuses you even further, but which two sounds do you mean? It's actually four sounds: [⁠ɔ⁠]​, [oː], ​[⁠ʊ⁠]​ and [uː]
    – RHa
    30 mins ago











  • I mean [ʊ] and [o] as in Hund and Millionär
    – preachers
    26 mins ago










  • As I know, the [ɔ] and [o] are different letters. Have a look at the word Nonne, this o is pronounced as [ɔ].
    – preachers
    24 mins ago











  • See IPA table for English Dutch German Spanish French Italian Catalan Russian Swedish Vietnamese Korean Greek Croatian Japanese Portuguese Finnish: en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:IPA_pronunciation_key
    – Takkat♦
    18 mins ago
















  • So, could you please help me distinguish these two sounds?
    – preachers
    36 mins ago










  • Sorry if this confuses you even further, but which two sounds do you mean? It's actually four sounds: [⁠ɔ⁠]​, [oː], ​[⁠ʊ⁠]​ and [uː]
    – RHa
    30 mins ago











  • I mean [ʊ] and [o] as in Hund and Millionär
    – preachers
    26 mins ago










  • As I know, the [ɔ] and [o] are different letters. Have a look at the word Nonne, this o is pronounced as [ɔ].
    – preachers
    24 mins ago











  • See IPA table for English Dutch German Spanish French Italian Catalan Russian Swedish Vietnamese Korean Greek Croatian Japanese Portuguese Finnish: en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:IPA_pronunciation_key
    – Takkat♦
    18 mins ago















So, could you please help me distinguish these two sounds?
– preachers
36 mins ago




So, could you please help me distinguish these two sounds?
– preachers
36 mins ago












Sorry if this confuses you even further, but which two sounds do you mean? It's actually four sounds: [⁠ɔ⁠]​, [oː], ​[⁠ʊ⁠]​ and [uː]
– RHa
30 mins ago





Sorry if this confuses you even further, but which two sounds do you mean? It's actually four sounds: [⁠ɔ⁠]​, [oː], ​[⁠ʊ⁠]​ and [uː]
– RHa
30 mins ago













I mean [ʊ] and [o] as in Hund and Millionär
– preachers
26 mins ago




I mean [ʊ] and [o] as in Hund and Millionär
– preachers
26 mins ago












As I know, the [ɔ] and [o] are different letters. Have a look at the word Nonne, this o is pronounced as [ɔ].
– preachers
24 mins ago





As I know, the [ɔ] and [o] are different letters. Have a look at the word Nonne, this o is pronounced as [ɔ].
– preachers
24 mins ago













See IPA table for English Dutch German Spanish French Italian Catalan Russian Swedish Vietnamese Korean Greek Croatian Japanese Portuguese Finnish: en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:IPA_pronunciation_key
– Takkat♦
18 mins ago




See IPA table for English Dutch German Spanish French Italian Catalan Russian Swedish Vietnamese Korean Greek Croatian Japanese Portuguese Finnish: en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:IPA_pronunciation_key
– Takkat♦
18 mins ago

















 

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