What are physical causes of clipping?

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What exactly limits modern digital camera sensors in capturing light intensity beyond certain point?










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      What exactly limits modern digital camera sensors in capturing light intensity beyond certain point?










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      What exactly limits modern digital camera sensors in capturing light intensity beyond certain point?







      exposure lighting sensor dynamic-range






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          What exactly limits modern digital camera sensors in capturing light intensity beyond certain point?




          The number of photon strikes and the number of free electrons resulting from such photon strikes until there are no more available electrons with the potential to be freed within each photosite (a/k/a sensel, pixel well, etc.). It's not much different from film, in which full saturation is reached when there are no remaining silver halides available to be transformed into atomic silver by light for a specific crystal in the emulsion. The main difference is the shape of the response curves when each technology approaches full capacity. Digital results in the same number of electrons per photon¹ being released until full well capacity is reached. As film nears full saturation, more and more light energy is needed to convert the remaining silver salts.



          ¹ There is a slight variation in the energy contained in a photon based on the frequency at which it is oscillating. Photons oscillating at lower frequencies release slightly less energy when striking the sensel than photons oscillating at higher frequencies. But for photons oscillating at a specific frequency/wavelength, the amount of energy released when striking the bottom of a pixel well is the same until full well capacity is reached.






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            What exactly limits modern digital camera sensors in capturing light intensity beyond certain point?




            The number of photon strikes and the number of free electrons resulting from such photon strikes until there are no more available electrons with the potential to be freed within each photosite (a/k/a sensel, pixel well, etc.). It's not much different from film, in which full saturation is reached when there are no remaining silver halides available to be transformed into atomic silver by light for a specific crystal in the emulsion. The main difference is the shape of the response curves when each technology approaches full capacity. Digital results in the same number of electrons per photon¹ being released until full well capacity is reached. As film nears full saturation, more and more light energy is needed to convert the remaining silver salts.



            ¹ There is a slight variation in the energy contained in a photon based on the frequency at which it is oscillating. Photons oscillating at lower frequencies release slightly less energy when striking the sensel than photons oscillating at higher frequencies. But for photons oscillating at a specific frequency/wavelength, the amount of energy released when striking the bottom of a pixel well is the same until full well capacity is reached.






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              What exactly limits modern digital camera sensors in capturing light intensity beyond certain point?




              The number of photon strikes and the number of free electrons resulting from such photon strikes until there are no more available electrons with the potential to be freed within each photosite (a/k/a sensel, pixel well, etc.). It's not much different from film, in which full saturation is reached when there are no remaining silver halides available to be transformed into atomic silver by light for a specific crystal in the emulsion. The main difference is the shape of the response curves when each technology approaches full capacity. Digital results in the same number of electrons per photon¹ being released until full well capacity is reached. As film nears full saturation, more and more light energy is needed to convert the remaining silver salts.



              ¹ There is a slight variation in the energy contained in a photon based on the frequency at which it is oscillating. Photons oscillating at lower frequencies release slightly less energy when striking the sensel than photons oscillating at higher frequencies. But for photons oscillating at a specific frequency/wavelength, the amount of energy released when striking the bottom of a pixel well is the same until full well capacity is reached.






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                up vote
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                What exactly limits modern digital camera sensors in capturing light intensity beyond certain point?




                The number of photon strikes and the number of free electrons resulting from such photon strikes until there are no more available electrons with the potential to be freed within each photosite (a/k/a sensel, pixel well, etc.). It's not much different from film, in which full saturation is reached when there are no remaining silver halides available to be transformed into atomic silver by light for a specific crystal in the emulsion. The main difference is the shape of the response curves when each technology approaches full capacity. Digital results in the same number of electrons per photon¹ being released until full well capacity is reached. As film nears full saturation, more and more light energy is needed to convert the remaining silver salts.



                ¹ There is a slight variation in the energy contained in a photon based on the frequency at which it is oscillating. Photons oscillating at lower frequencies release slightly less energy when striking the sensel than photons oscillating at higher frequencies. But for photons oscillating at a specific frequency/wavelength, the amount of energy released when striking the bottom of a pixel well is the same until full well capacity is reached.






                share|improve this answer















                What exactly limits modern digital camera sensors in capturing light intensity beyond certain point?




                The number of photon strikes and the number of free electrons resulting from such photon strikes until there are no more available electrons with the potential to be freed within each photosite (a/k/a sensel, pixel well, etc.). It's not much different from film, in which full saturation is reached when there are no remaining silver halides available to be transformed into atomic silver by light for a specific crystal in the emulsion. The main difference is the shape of the response curves when each technology approaches full capacity. Digital results in the same number of electrons per photon¹ being released until full well capacity is reached. As film nears full saturation, more and more light energy is needed to convert the remaining silver salts.



                ¹ There is a slight variation in the energy contained in a photon based on the frequency at which it is oscillating. Photons oscillating at lower frequencies release slightly less energy when striking the sensel than photons oscillating at higher frequencies. But for photons oscillating at a specific frequency/wavelength, the amount of energy released when striking the bottom of a pixel well is the same until full well capacity is reached.







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                Michael Clark

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