Why did piracy thrive in the late 17th and early 18th centuries?

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Why did piracy thrive in the late 17th and early 18th centuries?
Was it because the sailors in the Royal Navy and privateers were not satisfied with their pay? Was it because since many wars were ending there was just less demand for seamen?



I've researched a few websites and none of them give a concrete answer as to why it began.



If an answer could also include certain wars and other resources which would be good for understanding the golden age of piracy from its origins, that would be great.










share|improve this question



















  • 4




    Wikipedia's Golden Age of Piracy has something on this. It would help people trying to answer your question if you could elaborate on why you find this (and other sources) insufficient.
    – Lars Bosteen
    10 hours ago










  • I guess the level of sea-borne trade would be a factor. More trade, more opportunity for plunder.
    – Hemel
    6 hours ago






  • 2




    Did piracy thrive in the 17th century? You've presented no evidence to that effect.
    – Mark C. Wallace♦
    3 hours ago














up vote
4
down vote

favorite












Why did piracy thrive in the late 17th and early 18th centuries?
Was it because the sailors in the Royal Navy and privateers were not satisfied with their pay? Was it because since many wars were ending there was just less demand for seamen?



I've researched a few websites and none of them give a concrete answer as to why it began.



If an answer could also include certain wars and other resources which would be good for understanding the golden age of piracy from its origins, that would be great.










share|improve this question



















  • 4




    Wikipedia's Golden Age of Piracy has something on this. It would help people trying to answer your question if you could elaborate on why you find this (and other sources) insufficient.
    – Lars Bosteen
    10 hours ago










  • I guess the level of sea-borne trade would be a factor. More trade, more opportunity for plunder.
    – Hemel
    6 hours ago






  • 2




    Did piracy thrive in the 17th century? You've presented no evidence to that effect.
    – Mark C. Wallace♦
    3 hours ago












up vote
4
down vote

favorite









up vote
4
down vote

favorite











Why did piracy thrive in the late 17th and early 18th centuries?
Was it because the sailors in the Royal Navy and privateers were not satisfied with their pay? Was it because since many wars were ending there was just less demand for seamen?



I've researched a few websites and none of them give a concrete answer as to why it began.



If an answer could also include certain wars and other resources which would be good for understanding the golden age of piracy from its origins, that would be great.










share|improve this question















Why did piracy thrive in the late 17th and early 18th centuries?
Was it because the sailors in the Royal Navy and privateers were not satisfied with their pay? Was it because since many wars were ending there was just less demand for seamen?



I've researched a few websites and none of them give a concrete answer as to why it began.



If an answer could also include certain wars and other resources which would be good for understanding the golden age of piracy from its origins, that would be great.







naval early-modern labour-history piracy






share|improve this question















share|improve this question













share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited 10 mins ago

























asked 11 hours ago









Shrey Joshi

515




515







  • 4




    Wikipedia's Golden Age of Piracy has something on this. It would help people trying to answer your question if you could elaborate on why you find this (and other sources) insufficient.
    – Lars Bosteen
    10 hours ago










  • I guess the level of sea-borne trade would be a factor. More trade, more opportunity for plunder.
    – Hemel
    6 hours ago






  • 2




    Did piracy thrive in the 17th century? You've presented no evidence to that effect.
    – Mark C. Wallace♦
    3 hours ago












  • 4




    Wikipedia's Golden Age of Piracy has something on this. It would help people trying to answer your question if you could elaborate on why you find this (and other sources) insufficient.
    – Lars Bosteen
    10 hours ago










  • I guess the level of sea-borne trade would be a factor. More trade, more opportunity for plunder.
    – Hemel
    6 hours ago






  • 2




    Did piracy thrive in the 17th century? You've presented no evidence to that effect.
    – Mark C. Wallace♦
    3 hours ago







4




4




Wikipedia's Golden Age of Piracy has something on this. It would help people trying to answer your question if you could elaborate on why you find this (and other sources) insufficient.
– Lars Bosteen
10 hours ago




Wikipedia's Golden Age of Piracy has something on this. It would help people trying to answer your question if you could elaborate on why you find this (and other sources) insufficient.
– Lars Bosteen
10 hours ago












I guess the level of sea-borne trade would be a factor. More trade, more opportunity for plunder.
– Hemel
6 hours ago




I guess the level of sea-borne trade would be a factor. More trade, more opportunity for plunder.
– Hemel
6 hours ago




2




2




Did piracy thrive in the 17th century? You've presented no evidence to that effect.
– Mark C. Wallace♦
3 hours ago




Did piracy thrive in the 17th century? You've presented no evidence to that effect.
– Mark C. Wallace♦
3 hours ago










1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes

















up vote
10
down vote



accepted










The creation and expansion of European empires during the Age of Discovery resulted in the expansion of trade routes to new colonies and trading posts across the world. The vast areas of these trade routes were far larger than the new empires' navies could effectively police, which meant that merchant vessels moving along them were essentially responsible for their own protection. It also meant that pirates could establish bases that were, effectively, out of reach of the colonial powers. Expansion of the European world also resulted in greater "interaction" at sea with other world powers, much of which would be classed as piracy by the Europeans.



As a merchant ship owner of the time, you had to balance defending your vessel against making a profit from the voyage, e.g. the more guns you had, the larger the crew you required and both of those meant you could carry less cargo. Ships of the period were comparatively small and the cargo space wasn't all that large to begin with. This generally meant that trading vessels were far more lightly crewed and armed than any pirate vessel that preyed upon them.



Competition between the European powers during this period led to conflicts of interest which, in turn, often lead to full-scale wars. These were fought out across the oceans as well as on land. During the 17th Century European states were just starting to raise standing navies. Because of the cost, these were kept small and usually had to increase significantly in size at times of war. The number of available armed vessels were swelled by issuing letters of marque to merchant ships to act as privateers. In wartime, governments often overlooked the past activities of seamen and awarded letters of marque to men who were previously pirates (greatly blurring the distinction between pirate and privateer).



During times of peace it wasn't economical to maintain large fleets so most of the ships' crews were disbanded. The merchant and fishing fleets could only absorb a certain number of the released seamen, so the remainder had to find other employment. The alternative jobs on land were unskilled and, consequently, low paid making life as a pirate seem comparatively attractive. Thanks to their wartime activities, these men would have all the skills that they would need as pirates in hunting down and capturing ships. As a ship master (who was often the owner), if you had operated as a successful privateer during a war it may have been very tempting to cross the line and operate as a pirate once the war ended.



Additional reading:
Life Among the Pirates: The Romance and the Reality, D. Cordingly (1995)
The Sea Rover's Practice, B. Little (2005)
Piracy: The complete history, A. Konstam (2008)
Pirates of Barbary, Corsairs, conquest and captivity in the 17th Century Mediterranean, A.Tinniswood (2010)






share|improve this answer


















  • 3




    Arrrrrrrrrrrrrrre there any good sources you can add to this fantastic answer?
    – Kerry L
    3 hours ago






  • 2




    Aye - there be sources now, matey! Another +1 were it only possible!
    – Kerry L
    1 hour ago






  • 2




    In your second paragraph, you say that merchant ships had to have a limited supply of crew and guns in order to be able to turn a profit, and therefore they tended to be outmatched by pirates. This implies that the pirates had more crew and guns... how were they able to have enough cargo space to turn a profit, then?
    – Mason Wheeler
    1 hour ago






  • 1




    @MasonWheeler they might take the ship they've just captured with them. The crew of the captured ship might very well be willing to cooperate, as the alternative would be unpleasant, even if not killed, the food would be better than if being held captive, the work would not be worse. Keep the captain and perhaps the officers as prisoners locked up, split the remaining crew on the two ships for easier control. And then sell the ship and the cargo when in port.
    – Bent
    41 mins ago










  • @MasonWheeler, as Bent noted, they would usually capture the whole ship. In addition, a merchant vessel on a trans-oceanic voyage would need more provisions per crew member than a pirate vessel operating in its "home" waters. Pirates might also pick and choose valuable items from a mixed cargo, especially when they were likely to encounter a number of potential victims in a single cruise.
    – Steve Bird
    5 mins ago










Your Answer








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1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes








1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes








up vote
10
down vote



accepted










The creation and expansion of European empires during the Age of Discovery resulted in the expansion of trade routes to new colonies and trading posts across the world. The vast areas of these trade routes were far larger than the new empires' navies could effectively police, which meant that merchant vessels moving along them were essentially responsible for their own protection. It also meant that pirates could establish bases that were, effectively, out of reach of the colonial powers. Expansion of the European world also resulted in greater "interaction" at sea with other world powers, much of which would be classed as piracy by the Europeans.



As a merchant ship owner of the time, you had to balance defending your vessel against making a profit from the voyage, e.g. the more guns you had, the larger the crew you required and both of those meant you could carry less cargo. Ships of the period were comparatively small and the cargo space wasn't all that large to begin with. This generally meant that trading vessels were far more lightly crewed and armed than any pirate vessel that preyed upon them.



Competition between the European powers during this period led to conflicts of interest which, in turn, often lead to full-scale wars. These were fought out across the oceans as well as on land. During the 17th Century European states were just starting to raise standing navies. Because of the cost, these were kept small and usually had to increase significantly in size at times of war. The number of available armed vessels were swelled by issuing letters of marque to merchant ships to act as privateers. In wartime, governments often overlooked the past activities of seamen and awarded letters of marque to men who were previously pirates (greatly blurring the distinction between pirate and privateer).



During times of peace it wasn't economical to maintain large fleets so most of the ships' crews were disbanded. The merchant and fishing fleets could only absorb a certain number of the released seamen, so the remainder had to find other employment. The alternative jobs on land were unskilled and, consequently, low paid making life as a pirate seem comparatively attractive. Thanks to their wartime activities, these men would have all the skills that they would need as pirates in hunting down and capturing ships. As a ship master (who was often the owner), if you had operated as a successful privateer during a war it may have been very tempting to cross the line and operate as a pirate once the war ended.



Additional reading:
Life Among the Pirates: The Romance and the Reality, D. Cordingly (1995)
The Sea Rover's Practice, B. Little (2005)
Piracy: The complete history, A. Konstam (2008)
Pirates of Barbary, Corsairs, conquest and captivity in the 17th Century Mediterranean, A.Tinniswood (2010)






share|improve this answer


















  • 3




    Arrrrrrrrrrrrrrre there any good sources you can add to this fantastic answer?
    – Kerry L
    3 hours ago






  • 2




    Aye - there be sources now, matey! Another +1 were it only possible!
    – Kerry L
    1 hour ago






  • 2




    In your second paragraph, you say that merchant ships had to have a limited supply of crew and guns in order to be able to turn a profit, and therefore they tended to be outmatched by pirates. This implies that the pirates had more crew and guns... how were they able to have enough cargo space to turn a profit, then?
    – Mason Wheeler
    1 hour ago






  • 1




    @MasonWheeler they might take the ship they've just captured with them. The crew of the captured ship might very well be willing to cooperate, as the alternative would be unpleasant, even if not killed, the food would be better than if being held captive, the work would not be worse. Keep the captain and perhaps the officers as prisoners locked up, split the remaining crew on the two ships for easier control. And then sell the ship and the cargo when in port.
    – Bent
    41 mins ago










  • @MasonWheeler, as Bent noted, they would usually capture the whole ship. In addition, a merchant vessel on a trans-oceanic voyage would need more provisions per crew member than a pirate vessel operating in its "home" waters. Pirates might also pick and choose valuable items from a mixed cargo, especially when they were likely to encounter a number of potential victims in a single cruise.
    – Steve Bird
    5 mins ago














up vote
10
down vote



accepted










The creation and expansion of European empires during the Age of Discovery resulted in the expansion of trade routes to new colonies and trading posts across the world. The vast areas of these trade routes were far larger than the new empires' navies could effectively police, which meant that merchant vessels moving along them were essentially responsible for their own protection. It also meant that pirates could establish bases that were, effectively, out of reach of the colonial powers. Expansion of the European world also resulted in greater "interaction" at sea with other world powers, much of which would be classed as piracy by the Europeans.



As a merchant ship owner of the time, you had to balance defending your vessel against making a profit from the voyage, e.g. the more guns you had, the larger the crew you required and both of those meant you could carry less cargo. Ships of the period were comparatively small and the cargo space wasn't all that large to begin with. This generally meant that trading vessels were far more lightly crewed and armed than any pirate vessel that preyed upon them.



Competition between the European powers during this period led to conflicts of interest which, in turn, often lead to full-scale wars. These were fought out across the oceans as well as on land. During the 17th Century European states were just starting to raise standing navies. Because of the cost, these were kept small and usually had to increase significantly in size at times of war. The number of available armed vessels were swelled by issuing letters of marque to merchant ships to act as privateers. In wartime, governments often overlooked the past activities of seamen and awarded letters of marque to men who were previously pirates (greatly blurring the distinction between pirate and privateer).



During times of peace it wasn't economical to maintain large fleets so most of the ships' crews were disbanded. The merchant and fishing fleets could only absorb a certain number of the released seamen, so the remainder had to find other employment. The alternative jobs on land were unskilled and, consequently, low paid making life as a pirate seem comparatively attractive. Thanks to their wartime activities, these men would have all the skills that they would need as pirates in hunting down and capturing ships. As a ship master (who was often the owner), if you had operated as a successful privateer during a war it may have been very tempting to cross the line and operate as a pirate once the war ended.



Additional reading:
Life Among the Pirates: The Romance and the Reality, D. Cordingly (1995)
The Sea Rover's Practice, B. Little (2005)
Piracy: The complete history, A. Konstam (2008)
Pirates of Barbary, Corsairs, conquest and captivity in the 17th Century Mediterranean, A.Tinniswood (2010)






share|improve this answer


















  • 3




    Arrrrrrrrrrrrrrre there any good sources you can add to this fantastic answer?
    – Kerry L
    3 hours ago






  • 2




    Aye - there be sources now, matey! Another +1 were it only possible!
    – Kerry L
    1 hour ago






  • 2




    In your second paragraph, you say that merchant ships had to have a limited supply of crew and guns in order to be able to turn a profit, and therefore they tended to be outmatched by pirates. This implies that the pirates had more crew and guns... how were they able to have enough cargo space to turn a profit, then?
    – Mason Wheeler
    1 hour ago






  • 1




    @MasonWheeler they might take the ship they've just captured with them. The crew of the captured ship might very well be willing to cooperate, as the alternative would be unpleasant, even if not killed, the food would be better than if being held captive, the work would not be worse. Keep the captain and perhaps the officers as prisoners locked up, split the remaining crew on the two ships for easier control. And then sell the ship and the cargo when in port.
    – Bent
    41 mins ago










  • @MasonWheeler, as Bent noted, they would usually capture the whole ship. In addition, a merchant vessel on a trans-oceanic voyage would need more provisions per crew member than a pirate vessel operating in its "home" waters. Pirates might also pick and choose valuable items from a mixed cargo, especially when they were likely to encounter a number of potential victims in a single cruise.
    – Steve Bird
    5 mins ago












up vote
10
down vote



accepted







up vote
10
down vote



accepted






The creation and expansion of European empires during the Age of Discovery resulted in the expansion of trade routes to new colonies and trading posts across the world. The vast areas of these trade routes were far larger than the new empires' navies could effectively police, which meant that merchant vessels moving along them were essentially responsible for their own protection. It also meant that pirates could establish bases that were, effectively, out of reach of the colonial powers. Expansion of the European world also resulted in greater "interaction" at sea with other world powers, much of which would be classed as piracy by the Europeans.



As a merchant ship owner of the time, you had to balance defending your vessel against making a profit from the voyage, e.g. the more guns you had, the larger the crew you required and both of those meant you could carry less cargo. Ships of the period were comparatively small and the cargo space wasn't all that large to begin with. This generally meant that trading vessels were far more lightly crewed and armed than any pirate vessel that preyed upon them.



Competition between the European powers during this period led to conflicts of interest which, in turn, often lead to full-scale wars. These were fought out across the oceans as well as on land. During the 17th Century European states were just starting to raise standing navies. Because of the cost, these were kept small and usually had to increase significantly in size at times of war. The number of available armed vessels were swelled by issuing letters of marque to merchant ships to act as privateers. In wartime, governments often overlooked the past activities of seamen and awarded letters of marque to men who were previously pirates (greatly blurring the distinction between pirate and privateer).



During times of peace it wasn't economical to maintain large fleets so most of the ships' crews were disbanded. The merchant and fishing fleets could only absorb a certain number of the released seamen, so the remainder had to find other employment. The alternative jobs on land were unskilled and, consequently, low paid making life as a pirate seem comparatively attractive. Thanks to their wartime activities, these men would have all the skills that they would need as pirates in hunting down and capturing ships. As a ship master (who was often the owner), if you had operated as a successful privateer during a war it may have been very tempting to cross the line and operate as a pirate once the war ended.



Additional reading:
Life Among the Pirates: The Romance and the Reality, D. Cordingly (1995)
The Sea Rover's Practice, B. Little (2005)
Piracy: The complete history, A. Konstam (2008)
Pirates of Barbary, Corsairs, conquest and captivity in the 17th Century Mediterranean, A.Tinniswood (2010)






share|improve this answer














The creation and expansion of European empires during the Age of Discovery resulted in the expansion of trade routes to new colonies and trading posts across the world. The vast areas of these trade routes were far larger than the new empires' navies could effectively police, which meant that merchant vessels moving along them were essentially responsible for their own protection. It also meant that pirates could establish bases that were, effectively, out of reach of the colonial powers. Expansion of the European world also resulted in greater "interaction" at sea with other world powers, much of which would be classed as piracy by the Europeans.



As a merchant ship owner of the time, you had to balance defending your vessel against making a profit from the voyage, e.g. the more guns you had, the larger the crew you required and both of those meant you could carry less cargo. Ships of the period were comparatively small and the cargo space wasn't all that large to begin with. This generally meant that trading vessels were far more lightly crewed and armed than any pirate vessel that preyed upon them.



Competition between the European powers during this period led to conflicts of interest which, in turn, often lead to full-scale wars. These were fought out across the oceans as well as on land. During the 17th Century European states were just starting to raise standing navies. Because of the cost, these were kept small and usually had to increase significantly in size at times of war. The number of available armed vessels were swelled by issuing letters of marque to merchant ships to act as privateers. In wartime, governments often overlooked the past activities of seamen and awarded letters of marque to men who were previously pirates (greatly blurring the distinction between pirate and privateer).



During times of peace it wasn't economical to maintain large fleets so most of the ships' crews were disbanded. The merchant and fishing fleets could only absorb a certain number of the released seamen, so the remainder had to find other employment. The alternative jobs on land were unskilled and, consequently, low paid making life as a pirate seem comparatively attractive. Thanks to their wartime activities, these men would have all the skills that they would need as pirates in hunting down and capturing ships. As a ship master (who was often the owner), if you had operated as a successful privateer during a war it may have been very tempting to cross the line and operate as a pirate once the war ended.



Additional reading:
Life Among the Pirates: The Romance and the Reality, D. Cordingly (1995)
The Sea Rover's Practice, B. Little (2005)
Piracy: The complete history, A. Konstam (2008)
Pirates of Barbary, Corsairs, conquest and captivity in the 17th Century Mediterranean, A.Tinniswood (2010)







share|improve this answer














share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer








edited 2 hours ago

























answered 5 hours ago









Steve Bird

12k25165




12k25165







  • 3




    Arrrrrrrrrrrrrrre there any good sources you can add to this fantastic answer?
    – Kerry L
    3 hours ago






  • 2




    Aye - there be sources now, matey! Another +1 were it only possible!
    – Kerry L
    1 hour ago






  • 2




    In your second paragraph, you say that merchant ships had to have a limited supply of crew and guns in order to be able to turn a profit, and therefore they tended to be outmatched by pirates. This implies that the pirates had more crew and guns... how were they able to have enough cargo space to turn a profit, then?
    – Mason Wheeler
    1 hour ago






  • 1




    @MasonWheeler they might take the ship they've just captured with them. The crew of the captured ship might very well be willing to cooperate, as the alternative would be unpleasant, even if not killed, the food would be better than if being held captive, the work would not be worse. Keep the captain and perhaps the officers as prisoners locked up, split the remaining crew on the two ships for easier control. And then sell the ship and the cargo when in port.
    – Bent
    41 mins ago










  • @MasonWheeler, as Bent noted, they would usually capture the whole ship. In addition, a merchant vessel on a trans-oceanic voyage would need more provisions per crew member than a pirate vessel operating in its "home" waters. Pirates might also pick and choose valuable items from a mixed cargo, especially when they were likely to encounter a number of potential victims in a single cruise.
    – Steve Bird
    5 mins ago












  • 3




    Arrrrrrrrrrrrrrre there any good sources you can add to this fantastic answer?
    – Kerry L
    3 hours ago






  • 2




    Aye - there be sources now, matey! Another +1 were it only possible!
    – Kerry L
    1 hour ago






  • 2




    In your second paragraph, you say that merchant ships had to have a limited supply of crew and guns in order to be able to turn a profit, and therefore they tended to be outmatched by pirates. This implies that the pirates had more crew and guns... how were they able to have enough cargo space to turn a profit, then?
    – Mason Wheeler
    1 hour ago






  • 1




    @MasonWheeler they might take the ship they've just captured with them. The crew of the captured ship might very well be willing to cooperate, as the alternative would be unpleasant, even if not killed, the food would be better than if being held captive, the work would not be worse. Keep the captain and perhaps the officers as prisoners locked up, split the remaining crew on the two ships for easier control. And then sell the ship and the cargo when in port.
    – Bent
    41 mins ago










  • @MasonWheeler, as Bent noted, they would usually capture the whole ship. In addition, a merchant vessel on a trans-oceanic voyage would need more provisions per crew member than a pirate vessel operating in its "home" waters. Pirates might also pick and choose valuable items from a mixed cargo, especially when they were likely to encounter a number of potential victims in a single cruise.
    – Steve Bird
    5 mins ago







3




3




Arrrrrrrrrrrrrrre there any good sources you can add to this fantastic answer?
– Kerry L
3 hours ago




Arrrrrrrrrrrrrrre there any good sources you can add to this fantastic answer?
– Kerry L
3 hours ago




2




2




Aye - there be sources now, matey! Another +1 were it only possible!
– Kerry L
1 hour ago




Aye - there be sources now, matey! Another +1 were it only possible!
– Kerry L
1 hour ago




2




2




In your second paragraph, you say that merchant ships had to have a limited supply of crew and guns in order to be able to turn a profit, and therefore they tended to be outmatched by pirates. This implies that the pirates had more crew and guns... how were they able to have enough cargo space to turn a profit, then?
– Mason Wheeler
1 hour ago




In your second paragraph, you say that merchant ships had to have a limited supply of crew and guns in order to be able to turn a profit, and therefore they tended to be outmatched by pirates. This implies that the pirates had more crew and guns... how were they able to have enough cargo space to turn a profit, then?
– Mason Wheeler
1 hour ago




1




1




@MasonWheeler they might take the ship they've just captured with them. The crew of the captured ship might very well be willing to cooperate, as the alternative would be unpleasant, even if not killed, the food would be better than if being held captive, the work would not be worse. Keep the captain and perhaps the officers as prisoners locked up, split the remaining crew on the two ships for easier control. And then sell the ship and the cargo when in port.
– Bent
41 mins ago




@MasonWheeler they might take the ship they've just captured with them. The crew of the captured ship might very well be willing to cooperate, as the alternative would be unpleasant, even if not killed, the food would be better than if being held captive, the work would not be worse. Keep the captain and perhaps the officers as prisoners locked up, split the remaining crew on the two ships for easier control. And then sell the ship and the cargo when in port.
– Bent
41 mins ago












@MasonWheeler, as Bent noted, they would usually capture the whole ship. In addition, a merchant vessel on a trans-oceanic voyage would need more provisions per crew member than a pirate vessel operating in its "home" waters. Pirates might also pick and choose valuable items from a mixed cargo, especially when they were likely to encounter a number of potential victims in a single cruise.
– Steve Bird
5 mins ago




@MasonWheeler, as Bent noted, they would usually capture the whole ship. In addition, a merchant vessel on a trans-oceanic voyage would need more provisions per crew member than a pirate vessel operating in its "home" waters. Pirates might also pick and choose valuable items from a mixed cargo, especially when they were likely to encounter a number of potential victims in a single cruise.
– Steve Bird
5 mins ago

















 

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