What is the closest fly-by of a planet/moon ever completed?

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I was thinking that on a fly-by of the moon, due to a lack of atmosphere, you could get really close! Of course, in practice this isnt a very good idea- going 1000m/s 50 meters above ground wouldn't allow for all that much more science and would allow for tons more risk. That being said, what is the closest fly-by ever completed and by what spacecraft? This can include captures, but should only consider the initial perigee of the trajectory before capture burns. For planets without atmosphere the height should be from the surface. For planets with atmosphere the height should be from the karman line of that body (or the surface- whichever makes more sense given the scenario Im assuming no flyby ever intends to dip below the atmosphere of a planet at hyperbolic speeds aside from aerocaptures- which would count).






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  • Do you allow asteroids, etc?
    – PearsonArtPhoto♦
    7 hours ago










  • @PearsonArtPhoto I mean, why not to be honest, I'm sure your comment has piqued the interest of some (myself included).
    – Magic Octopus Urn
    49 mins ago















up vote
3
down vote

favorite












I was thinking that on a fly-by of the moon, due to a lack of atmosphere, you could get really close! Of course, in practice this isnt a very good idea- going 1000m/s 50 meters above ground wouldn't allow for all that much more science and would allow for tons more risk. That being said, what is the closest fly-by ever completed and by what spacecraft? This can include captures, but should only consider the initial perigee of the trajectory before capture burns. For planets without atmosphere the height should be from the surface. For planets with atmosphere the height should be from the karman line of that body (or the surface- whichever makes more sense given the scenario Im assuming no flyby ever intends to dip below the atmosphere of a planet at hyperbolic speeds aside from aerocaptures- which would count).






flyby







share|improve this question





















  • Do you allow asteroids, etc?
    – PearsonArtPhoto♦
    7 hours ago










  • @PearsonArtPhoto I mean, why not to be honest, I'm sure your comment has piqued the interest of some (myself included).
    – Magic Octopus Urn
    49 mins ago













up vote
3
down vote

favorite









up vote
3
down vote

favorite











I was thinking that on a fly-by of the moon, due to a lack of atmosphere, you could get really close! Of course, in practice this isnt a very good idea- going 1000m/s 50 meters above ground wouldn't allow for all that much more science and would allow for tons more risk. That being said, what is the closest fly-by ever completed and by what spacecraft? This can include captures, but should only consider the initial perigee of the trajectory before capture burns. For planets without atmosphere the height should be from the surface. For planets with atmosphere the height should be from the karman line of that body (or the surface- whichever makes more sense given the scenario Im assuming no flyby ever intends to dip below the atmosphere of a planet at hyperbolic speeds aside from aerocaptures- which would count).






flyby







share|improve this question













I was thinking that on a fly-by of the moon, due to a lack of atmosphere, you could get really close! Of course, in practice this isnt a very good idea- going 1000m/s 50 meters above ground wouldn't allow for all that much more science and would allow for tons more risk. That being said, what is the closest fly-by ever completed and by what spacecraft? This can include captures, but should only consider the initial perigee of the trajectory before capture burns. For planets without atmosphere the height should be from the surface. For planets with atmosphere the height should be from the karman line of that body (or the surface- whichever makes more sense given the scenario Im assuming no flyby ever intends to dip below the atmosphere of a planet at hyperbolic speeds aside from aerocaptures- which would count).






flyby




flyby






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asked 7 hours ago









Magic Octopus Urn

1,6791934




1,6791934











  • Do you allow asteroids, etc?
    – PearsonArtPhoto♦
    7 hours ago










  • @PearsonArtPhoto I mean, why not to be honest, I'm sure your comment has piqued the interest of some (myself included).
    – Magic Octopus Urn
    49 mins ago

















  • Do you allow asteroids, etc?
    – PearsonArtPhoto♦
    7 hours ago










  • @PearsonArtPhoto I mean, why not to be honest, I'm sure your comment has piqued the interest of some (myself included).
    – Magic Octopus Urn
    49 mins ago
















Do you allow asteroids, etc?
– PearsonArtPhoto♦
7 hours ago




Do you allow asteroids, etc?
– PearsonArtPhoto♦
7 hours ago












@PearsonArtPhoto I mean, why not to be honest, I'm sure your comment has piqued the interest of some (myself included).
– Magic Octopus Urn
49 mins ago





@PearsonArtPhoto I mean, why not to be honest, I'm sure your comment has piqued the interest of some (myself included).
– Magic Octopus Urn
49 mins ago











1 Answer
1






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up vote
4
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Here's a list of what the closest flybys that I have found of several objects. For Cassini and Galileo, I took the closest approaches they had to any object, pre-impact.



  • Earth: Galileo- 301 km

  • Moon- Apollo 13- 254 km

  • Mars- Rosetta- 250 km

  • Mercury- Messenger- 200 km

  • Amalthea- Galileo- 160 km

  • Enceladus- Cassini- 25 km

I guess the gas giant moons were selected because a significant amount of time was present to get a good orbital trajectory, and the orbits are relatively short. It could be known with precision where the spacecraft would be. With, say Pluto, the knowledge of where it is is only to within a thousand kilometers or so, so some margin for error is required!






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  • I hadn't thought of non-manmade objects. Also Cassini got THAT close? I hadn't known. Amazing.
    – Magic Octopus Urn
    46 mins ago










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1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes








1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes








up vote
4
down vote













Here's a list of what the closest flybys that I have found of several objects. For Cassini and Galileo, I took the closest approaches they had to any object, pre-impact.



  • Earth: Galileo- 301 km

  • Moon- Apollo 13- 254 km

  • Mars- Rosetta- 250 km

  • Mercury- Messenger- 200 km

  • Amalthea- Galileo- 160 km

  • Enceladus- Cassini- 25 km

I guess the gas giant moons were selected because a significant amount of time was present to get a good orbital trajectory, and the orbits are relatively short. It could be known with precision where the spacecraft would be. With, say Pluto, the knowledge of where it is is only to within a thousand kilometers or so, so some margin for error is required!






share|improve this answer






















  • I hadn't thought of non-manmade objects. Also Cassini got THAT close? I hadn't known. Amazing.
    – Magic Octopus Urn
    46 mins ago














up vote
4
down vote













Here's a list of what the closest flybys that I have found of several objects. For Cassini and Galileo, I took the closest approaches they had to any object, pre-impact.



  • Earth: Galileo- 301 km

  • Moon- Apollo 13- 254 km

  • Mars- Rosetta- 250 km

  • Mercury- Messenger- 200 km

  • Amalthea- Galileo- 160 km

  • Enceladus- Cassini- 25 km

I guess the gas giant moons were selected because a significant amount of time was present to get a good orbital trajectory, and the orbits are relatively short. It could be known with precision where the spacecraft would be. With, say Pluto, the knowledge of where it is is only to within a thousand kilometers or so, so some margin for error is required!






share|improve this answer






















  • I hadn't thought of non-manmade objects. Also Cassini got THAT close? I hadn't known. Amazing.
    – Magic Octopus Urn
    46 mins ago












up vote
4
down vote










up vote
4
down vote









Here's a list of what the closest flybys that I have found of several objects. For Cassini and Galileo, I took the closest approaches they had to any object, pre-impact.



  • Earth: Galileo- 301 km

  • Moon- Apollo 13- 254 km

  • Mars- Rosetta- 250 km

  • Mercury- Messenger- 200 km

  • Amalthea- Galileo- 160 km

  • Enceladus- Cassini- 25 km

I guess the gas giant moons were selected because a significant amount of time was present to get a good orbital trajectory, and the orbits are relatively short. It could be known with precision where the spacecraft would be. With, say Pluto, the knowledge of where it is is only to within a thousand kilometers or so, so some margin for error is required!






share|improve this answer














Here's a list of what the closest flybys that I have found of several objects. For Cassini and Galileo, I took the closest approaches they had to any object, pre-impact.



  • Earth: Galileo- 301 km

  • Moon- Apollo 13- 254 km

  • Mars- Rosetta- 250 km

  • Mercury- Messenger- 200 km

  • Amalthea- Galileo- 160 km

  • Enceladus- Cassini- 25 km

I guess the gas giant moons were selected because a significant amount of time was present to get a good orbital trajectory, and the orbits are relatively short. It could be known with precision where the spacecraft would be. With, say Pluto, the knowledge of where it is is only to within a thousand kilometers or so, so some margin for error is required!







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edited 2 hours ago

























answered 6 hours ago









PearsonArtPhoto♦

77.6k16217423




77.6k16217423











  • I hadn't thought of non-manmade objects. Also Cassini got THAT close? I hadn't known. Amazing.
    – Magic Octopus Urn
    46 mins ago
















  • I hadn't thought of non-manmade objects. Also Cassini got THAT close? I hadn't known. Amazing.
    – Magic Octopus Urn
    46 mins ago















I hadn't thought of non-manmade objects. Also Cassini got THAT close? I hadn't known. Amazing.
– Magic Octopus Urn
46 mins ago




I hadn't thought of non-manmade objects. Also Cassini got THAT close? I hadn't known. Amazing.
– Magic Octopus Urn
46 mins ago

















 

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