How to write dots in circle in equations

The name of the pictureThe name of the pictureThe name of the pictureClash Royale CLAN TAG#URR8PPP











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I do not know if I can write this kinds things in equations in latex.



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    Welcome to TeX.SX! Using tikz, for example, it is possible to do things like this. Can you post a minimal working example to show what you have tried? People are more likely to help if you can given them something to work from -- at a minimum supplying your equations without the circled dots would be a good start.
    – Andrew
    2 hours ago














up vote
3
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I do not know if I can write this kinds things in equations in latex.



enter image description here










share|improve this question







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thone is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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  • 2




    Welcome to TeX.SX! Using tikz, for example, it is possible to do things like this. Can you post a minimal working example to show what you have tried? People are more likely to help if you can given them something to work from -- at a minimum supplying your equations without the circled dots would be a good start.
    – Andrew
    2 hours ago












up vote
3
down vote

favorite









up vote
3
down vote

favorite











I do not know if I can write this kinds things in equations in latex.



enter image description here










share|improve this question







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thone is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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I do not know if I can write this kinds things in equations in latex.



enter image description here







equations






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thone is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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thone is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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  • 2




    Welcome to TeX.SX! Using tikz, for example, it is possible to do things like this. Can you post a minimal working example to show what you have tried? People are more likely to help if you can given them something to work from -- at a minimum supplying your equations without the circled dots would be a good start.
    – Andrew
    2 hours ago












  • 2




    Welcome to TeX.SX! Using tikz, for example, it is possible to do things like this. Can you post a minimal working example to show what you have tried? People are more likely to help if you can given them something to work from -- at a minimum supplying your equations without the circled dots would be a good start.
    – Andrew
    2 hours ago







2




2




Welcome to TeX.SX! Using tikz, for example, it is possible to do things like this. Can you post a minimal working example to show what you have tried? People are more likely to help if you can given them something to work from -- at a minimum supplying your equations without the circled dots would be a good start.
– Andrew
2 hours ago




Welcome to TeX.SX! Using tikz, for example, it is possible to do things like this. Can you post a minimal working example to show what you have tried? People are more likely to help if you can given them something to work from -- at a minimum supplying your equations without the circled dots would be a good start.
– Andrew
2 hours ago










2 Answers
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up vote
3
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The coefficients remind me of Bell polynomials. The following solution is far from perfect, but it’s a start.



documentclassarticle
usepackageamsmath
usepackagetikz

newcommandxone%
tikzfill (0pt,0pt) circle (1pt);%

newcommandxtwo%
tikzfill (0pt,0pt) circle (1pt);
fill (6pt,0pt) circle (1pt);
draw[densely dotted] (3pt,0pt) ellipse (5pt and 3pt);%

newcommandxthree%
tikzfill (0pt,0pt) circle (1pt);
fill (6pt,0pt) circle (1pt);
fill (3pt,5pt) circle (1pt);
draw[densely dotted,rounded corners] (-4pt,-3pt) -- (10pt,-3pt) -- (3pt,10pt) -- cycle;%

newcommandxfour%
tikzfill (0pt,0pt) circle (1pt);
fill (6pt,0pt) circle (1pt);
fill (0pt,6pt) circle (1pt);
fill (6pt,6pt) circle (1pt);
draw[densely dotted,rounded corners] (-3pt,-3pt) -- (9pt,-3pt) -- (9pt,9pt) -- (-3pt,9pt) -- cycle;%



begindocument

beginalignat*4
langle x rangle & = vcenterhboxxone \
langle x^2rangle & = vcenterhboxxtwo
&& + , vcenterhboxxonehspace4ptxone \
langle x^3rangle & = vcenterhboxxthree
&& + 3 , vcenterhbox$begintabular@c@xone\[-4pt]xtwoendtabular$
&& + vcenterhbox$begintabular@c@xone\[-6pt]xonehspace4ptxoneendtabular$ \
langle x^4rangle & = vcenterhboxxfour
&& + 4 , vcenterhboxxthreevcenterhboxxone
&& + 3 , vcenterhbox$begintabular@c@xtwo\[-5pt]xtwoendtabular$
+ 6 , vcenterhbox$begintabular@c@xonehspace4ptxone\[-3pt]xtwoendtabular$
+ , vcenterhbox$begintabular@c@xonehspace4ptxone\[-6pt]xonehspace4ptxoneendtabular$
endalignat*

enddocument


draw






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    up vote
    2
    down vote













    Very similar to Ruixi Zhang's nice answer except that I use fit to draw the dashed contours. This spares you from entering too many explicit coordinates.



    documentclassarticle
    usepackageamsmath,mathtools,braket
    usepackagetikz
    usetikzlibraryfit,shapes.geometric,positioning
    tikzsetbullet/.style=circle,fill,inner sep=0pt,outer sep=0pt,minimum
    size=4pt,node contents=,elli/.style=ellipse,draw,densely dashed,node
    contents=,inner sep=1pt
    begindocument
    beginalign*
    Braketx&~=~vcenterhboxtikznode[bullet];\
    Braketx^2&~=~vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
    node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
    node[elli,fit=(b1)(b2)];+vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
    node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];\
    Braketx^3&~=~vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
    node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
    path (b1) -- (b2) node(b3)[bullet,midway,above=1mm+2pt];
    node[fit=(b1)(b2)(b3),inner ysep=1pt](f);
    draw[densely dashed] (f.south west) --(f.south east) -- ([yshift=2pt]f.north) -- cycle;
    +3vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
    node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
    path (b1) -- (b2) node(b3)[bullet,midway,above=1mm+2pt];
    node[elli,fit=(b1)(b2)];+vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
    node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
    path (b1) -- (b2) node(b3)[bullet,midway,above=1mm+2pt];\
    Braketx^4&~=~vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
    node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
    node(b3)[above=1mm of b1,bullet];
    node(b4)[above=1mm of b2,bullet];
    node[draw,densely dashed,rounded corners,fit=(b1)(b2)(b3)(b4)];+4
    vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
    node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
    path (b1) -- (b2) node(b3)[bullet,midway,above=1mm+2pt];
    node(b4)[above right=1.5mm of b2,bullet];
    node[fit=(b1)(b2)(b3),inner ysep=1pt](f);
    draw[densely dashed] (f.south west) --(f.south east) -- ([yshift=2pt]f.north) -- cycle;
    +3vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
    node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
    node(b3)[above=2mm of b1,bullet];
    node(b4)[above=2mm of b2,bullet];
    node[elli,fit=(b1)(b2)];
    node[elli,fit=(b3)(b4)];

    +6vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
    node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
    node(b3)[above=2mm of b1,bullet];
    node(b4)[above=2mm of b2,bullet];
    node[elli,fit=(b1)(b2)];

    +vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
    node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
    node(b3)[above=1mm of b1,bullet];
    node(b4)[above=1mm of b2,bullet];
    endalign*
    enddocument


    enter image description here






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      2 Answers
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      2 Answers
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      up vote
      3
      down vote













      The coefficients remind me of Bell polynomials. The following solution is far from perfect, but it’s a start.



      documentclassarticle
      usepackageamsmath
      usepackagetikz

      newcommandxone%
      tikzfill (0pt,0pt) circle (1pt);%

      newcommandxtwo%
      tikzfill (0pt,0pt) circle (1pt);
      fill (6pt,0pt) circle (1pt);
      draw[densely dotted] (3pt,0pt) ellipse (5pt and 3pt);%

      newcommandxthree%
      tikzfill (0pt,0pt) circle (1pt);
      fill (6pt,0pt) circle (1pt);
      fill (3pt,5pt) circle (1pt);
      draw[densely dotted,rounded corners] (-4pt,-3pt) -- (10pt,-3pt) -- (3pt,10pt) -- cycle;%

      newcommandxfour%
      tikzfill (0pt,0pt) circle (1pt);
      fill (6pt,0pt) circle (1pt);
      fill (0pt,6pt) circle (1pt);
      fill (6pt,6pt) circle (1pt);
      draw[densely dotted,rounded corners] (-3pt,-3pt) -- (9pt,-3pt) -- (9pt,9pt) -- (-3pt,9pt) -- cycle;%



      begindocument

      beginalignat*4
      langle x rangle & = vcenterhboxxone \
      langle x^2rangle & = vcenterhboxxtwo
      && + , vcenterhboxxonehspace4ptxone \
      langle x^3rangle & = vcenterhboxxthree
      && + 3 , vcenterhbox$begintabular@c@xone\[-4pt]xtwoendtabular$
      && + vcenterhbox$begintabular@c@xone\[-6pt]xonehspace4ptxoneendtabular$ \
      langle x^4rangle & = vcenterhboxxfour
      && + 4 , vcenterhboxxthreevcenterhboxxone
      && + 3 , vcenterhbox$begintabular@c@xtwo\[-5pt]xtwoendtabular$
      + 6 , vcenterhbox$begintabular@c@xonehspace4ptxone\[-3pt]xtwoendtabular$
      + , vcenterhbox$begintabular@c@xonehspace4ptxone\[-6pt]xonehspace4ptxoneendtabular$
      endalignat*

      enddocument


      draw






      share|improve this answer
























        up vote
        3
        down vote













        The coefficients remind me of Bell polynomials. The following solution is far from perfect, but it’s a start.



        documentclassarticle
        usepackageamsmath
        usepackagetikz

        newcommandxone%
        tikzfill (0pt,0pt) circle (1pt);%

        newcommandxtwo%
        tikzfill (0pt,0pt) circle (1pt);
        fill (6pt,0pt) circle (1pt);
        draw[densely dotted] (3pt,0pt) ellipse (5pt and 3pt);%

        newcommandxthree%
        tikzfill (0pt,0pt) circle (1pt);
        fill (6pt,0pt) circle (1pt);
        fill (3pt,5pt) circle (1pt);
        draw[densely dotted,rounded corners] (-4pt,-3pt) -- (10pt,-3pt) -- (3pt,10pt) -- cycle;%

        newcommandxfour%
        tikzfill (0pt,0pt) circle (1pt);
        fill (6pt,0pt) circle (1pt);
        fill (0pt,6pt) circle (1pt);
        fill (6pt,6pt) circle (1pt);
        draw[densely dotted,rounded corners] (-3pt,-3pt) -- (9pt,-3pt) -- (9pt,9pt) -- (-3pt,9pt) -- cycle;%



        begindocument

        beginalignat*4
        langle x rangle & = vcenterhboxxone \
        langle x^2rangle & = vcenterhboxxtwo
        && + , vcenterhboxxonehspace4ptxone \
        langle x^3rangle & = vcenterhboxxthree
        && + 3 , vcenterhbox$begintabular@c@xone\[-4pt]xtwoendtabular$
        && + vcenterhbox$begintabular@c@xone\[-6pt]xonehspace4ptxoneendtabular$ \
        langle x^4rangle & = vcenterhboxxfour
        && + 4 , vcenterhboxxthreevcenterhboxxone
        && + 3 , vcenterhbox$begintabular@c@xtwo\[-5pt]xtwoendtabular$
        + 6 , vcenterhbox$begintabular@c@xonehspace4ptxone\[-3pt]xtwoendtabular$
        + , vcenterhbox$begintabular@c@xonehspace4ptxone\[-6pt]xonehspace4ptxoneendtabular$
        endalignat*

        enddocument


        draw






        share|improve this answer






















          up vote
          3
          down vote










          up vote
          3
          down vote









          The coefficients remind me of Bell polynomials. The following solution is far from perfect, but it’s a start.



          documentclassarticle
          usepackageamsmath
          usepackagetikz

          newcommandxone%
          tikzfill (0pt,0pt) circle (1pt);%

          newcommandxtwo%
          tikzfill (0pt,0pt) circle (1pt);
          fill (6pt,0pt) circle (1pt);
          draw[densely dotted] (3pt,0pt) ellipse (5pt and 3pt);%

          newcommandxthree%
          tikzfill (0pt,0pt) circle (1pt);
          fill (6pt,0pt) circle (1pt);
          fill (3pt,5pt) circle (1pt);
          draw[densely dotted,rounded corners] (-4pt,-3pt) -- (10pt,-3pt) -- (3pt,10pt) -- cycle;%

          newcommandxfour%
          tikzfill (0pt,0pt) circle (1pt);
          fill (6pt,0pt) circle (1pt);
          fill (0pt,6pt) circle (1pt);
          fill (6pt,6pt) circle (1pt);
          draw[densely dotted,rounded corners] (-3pt,-3pt) -- (9pt,-3pt) -- (9pt,9pt) -- (-3pt,9pt) -- cycle;%



          begindocument

          beginalignat*4
          langle x rangle & = vcenterhboxxone \
          langle x^2rangle & = vcenterhboxxtwo
          && + , vcenterhboxxonehspace4ptxone \
          langle x^3rangle & = vcenterhboxxthree
          && + 3 , vcenterhbox$begintabular@c@xone\[-4pt]xtwoendtabular$
          && + vcenterhbox$begintabular@c@xone\[-6pt]xonehspace4ptxoneendtabular$ \
          langle x^4rangle & = vcenterhboxxfour
          && + 4 , vcenterhboxxthreevcenterhboxxone
          && + 3 , vcenterhbox$begintabular@c@xtwo\[-5pt]xtwoendtabular$
          + 6 , vcenterhbox$begintabular@c@xonehspace4ptxone\[-3pt]xtwoendtabular$
          + , vcenterhbox$begintabular@c@xonehspace4ptxone\[-6pt]xonehspace4ptxoneendtabular$
          endalignat*

          enddocument


          draw






          share|improve this answer












          The coefficients remind me of Bell polynomials. The following solution is far from perfect, but it’s a start.



          documentclassarticle
          usepackageamsmath
          usepackagetikz

          newcommandxone%
          tikzfill (0pt,0pt) circle (1pt);%

          newcommandxtwo%
          tikzfill (0pt,0pt) circle (1pt);
          fill (6pt,0pt) circle (1pt);
          draw[densely dotted] (3pt,0pt) ellipse (5pt and 3pt);%

          newcommandxthree%
          tikzfill (0pt,0pt) circle (1pt);
          fill (6pt,0pt) circle (1pt);
          fill (3pt,5pt) circle (1pt);
          draw[densely dotted,rounded corners] (-4pt,-3pt) -- (10pt,-3pt) -- (3pt,10pt) -- cycle;%

          newcommandxfour%
          tikzfill (0pt,0pt) circle (1pt);
          fill (6pt,0pt) circle (1pt);
          fill (0pt,6pt) circle (1pt);
          fill (6pt,6pt) circle (1pt);
          draw[densely dotted,rounded corners] (-3pt,-3pt) -- (9pt,-3pt) -- (9pt,9pt) -- (-3pt,9pt) -- cycle;%



          begindocument

          beginalignat*4
          langle x rangle & = vcenterhboxxone \
          langle x^2rangle & = vcenterhboxxtwo
          && + , vcenterhboxxonehspace4ptxone \
          langle x^3rangle & = vcenterhboxxthree
          && + 3 , vcenterhbox$begintabular@c@xone\[-4pt]xtwoendtabular$
          && + vcenterhbox$begintabular@c@xone\[-6pt]xonehspace4ptxoneendtabular$ \
          langle x^4rangle & = vcenterhboxxfour
          && + 4 , vcenterhboxxthreevcenterhboxxone
          && + 3 , vcenterhbox$begintabular@c@xtwo\[-5pt]xtwoendtabular$
          + 6 , vcenterhbox$begintabular@c@xonehspace4ptxone\[-3pt]xtwoendtabular$
          + , vcenterhbox$begintabular@c@xonehspace4ptxone\[-6pt]xonehspace4ptxoneendtabular$
          endalignat*

          enddocument


          draw







          share|improve this answer












          share|improve this answer



          share|improve this answer










          answered 1 hour ago









          Ruixi Zhang

          3,616217




          3,616217




















              up vote
              2
              down vote













              Very similar to Ruixi Zhang's nice answer except that I use fit to draw the dashed contours. This spares you from entering too many explicit coordinates.



              documentclassarticle
              usepackageamsmath,mathtools,braket
              usepackagetikz
              usetikzlibraryfit,shapes.geometric,positioning
              tikzsetbullet/.style=circle,fill,inner sep=0pt,outer sep=0pt,minimum
              size=4pt,node contents=,elli/.style=ellipse,draw,densely dashed,node
              contents=,inner sep=1pt
              begindocument
              beginalign*
              Braketx&~=~vcenterhboxtikznode[bullet];\
              Braketx^2&~=~vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
              node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
              node[elli,fit=(b1)(b2)];+vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
              node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];\
              Braketx^3&~=~vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
              node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
              path (b1) -- (b2) node(b3)[bullet,midway,above=1mm+2pt];
              node[fit=(b1)(b2)(b3),inner ysep=1pt](f);
              draw[densely dashed] (f.south west) --(f.south east) -- ([yshift=2pt]f.north) -- cycle;
              +3vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
              node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
              path (b1) -- (b2) node(b3)[bullet,midway,above=1mm+2pt];
              node[elli,fit=(b1)(b2)];+vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
              node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
              path (b1) -- (b2) node(b3)[bullet,midway,above=1mm+2pt];\
              Braketx^4&~=~vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
              node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
              node(b3)[above=1mm of b1,bullet];
              node(b4)[above=1mm of b2,bullet];
              node[draw,densely dashed,rounded corners,fit=(b1)(b2)(b3)(b4)];+4
              vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
              node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
              path (b1) -- (b2) node(b3)[bullet,midway,above=1mm+2pt];
              node(b4)[above right=1.5mm of b2,bullet];
              node[fit=(b1)(b2)(b3),inner ysep=1pt](f);
              draw[densely dashed] (f.south west) --(f.south east) -- ([yshift=2pt]f.north) -- cycle;
              +3vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
              node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
              node(b3)[above=2mm of b1,bullet];
              node(b4)[above=2mm of b2,bullet];
              node[elli,fit=(b1)(b2)];
              node[elli,fit=(b3)(b4)];

              +6vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
              node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
              node(b3)[above=2mm of b1,bullet];
              node(b4)[above=2mm of b2,bullet];
              node[elli,fit=(b1)(b2)];

              +vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
              node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
              node(b3)[above=1mm of b1,bullet];
              node(b4)[above=1mm of b2,bullet];
              endalign*
              enddocument


              enter image description here






              share|improve this answer
























                up vote
                2
                down vote













                Very similar to Ruixi Zhang's nice answer except that I use fit to draw the dashed contours. This spares you from entering too many explicit coordinates.



                documentclassarticle
                usepackageamsmath,mathtools,braket
                usepackagetikz
                usetikzlibraryfit,shapes.geometric,positioning
                tikzsetbullet/.style=circle,fill,inner sep=0pt,outer sep=0pt,minimum
                size=4pt,node contents=,elli/.style=ellipse,draw,densely dashed,node
                contents=,inner sep=1pt
                begindocument
                beginalign*
                Braketx&~=~vcenterhboxtikznode[bullet];\
                Braketx^2&~=~vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
                node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
                node[elli,fit=(b1)(b2)];+vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
                node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];\
                Braketx^3&~=~vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
                node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
                path (b1) -- (b2) node(b3)[bullet,midway,above=1mm+2pt];
                node[fit=(b1)(b2)(b3),inner ysep=1pt](f);
                draw[densely dashed] (f.south west) --(f.south east) -- ([yshift=2pt]f.north) -- cycle;
                +3vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
                node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
                path (b1) -- (b2) node(b3)[bullet,midway,above=1mm+2pt];
                node[elli,fit=(b1)(b2)];+vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
                node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
                path (b1) -- (b2) node(b3)[bullet,midway,above=1mm+2pt];\
                Braketx^4&~=~vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
                node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
                node(b3)[above=1mm of b1,bullet];
                node(b4)[above=1mm of b2,bullet];
                node[draw,densely dashed,rounded corners,fit=(b1)(b2)(b3)(b4)];+4
                vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
                node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
                path (b1) -- (b2) node(b3)[bullet,midway,above=1mm+2pt];
                node(b4)[above right=1.5mm of b2,bullet];
                node[fit=(b1)(b2)(b3),inner ysep=1pt](f);
                draw[densely dashed] (f.south west) --(f.south east) -- ([yshift=2pt]f.north) -- cycle;
                +3vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
                node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
                node(b3)[above=2mm of b1,bullet];
                node(b4)[above=2mm of b2,bullet];
                node[elli,fit=(b1)(b2)];
                node[elli,fit=(b3)(b4)];

                +6vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
                node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
                node(b3)[above=2mm of b1,bullet];
                node(b4)[above=2mm of b2,bullet];
                node[elli,fit=(b1)(b2)];

                +vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
                node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
                node(b3)[above=1mm of b1,bullet];
                node(b4)[above=1mm of b2,bullet];
                endalign*
                enddocument


                enter image description here






                share|improve this answer






















                  up vote
                  2
                  down vote










                  up vote
                  2
                  down vote









                  Very similar to Ruixi Zhang's nice answer except that I use fit to draw the dashed contours. This spares you from entering too many explicit coordinates.



                  documentclassarticle
                  usepackageamsmath,mathtools,braket
                  usepackagetikz
                  usetikzlibraryfit,shapes.geometric,positioning
                  tikzsetbullet/.style=circle,fill,inner sep=0pt,outer sep=0pt,minimum
                  size=4pt,node contents=,elli/.style=ellipse,draw,densely dashed,node
                  contents=,inner sep=1pt
                  begindocument
                  beginalign*
                  Braketx&~=~vcenterhboxtikznode[bullet];\
                  Braketx^2&~=~vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
                  node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
                  node[elli,fit=(b1)(b2)];+vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
                  node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];\
                  Braketx^3&~=~vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
                  node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
                  path (b1) -- (b2) node(b3)[bullet,midway,above=1mm+2pt];
                  node[fit=(b1)(b2)(b3),inner ysep=1pt](f);
                  draw[densely dashed] (f.south west) --(f.south east) -- ([yshift=2pt]f.north) -- cycle;
                  +3vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
                  node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
                  path (b1) -- (b2) node(b3)[bullet,midway,above=1mm+2pt];
                  node[elli,fit=(b1)(b2)];+vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
                  node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
                  path (b1) -- (b2) node(b3)[bullet,midway,above=1mm+2pt];\
                  Braketx^4&~=~vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
                  node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
                  node(b3)[above=1mm of b1,bullet];
                  node(b4)[above=1mm of b2,bullet];
                  node[draw,densely dashed,rounded corners,fit=(b1)(b2)(b3)(b4)];+4
                  vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
                  node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
                  path (b1) -- (b2) node(b3)[bullet,midway,above=1mm+2pt];
                  node(b4)[above right=1.5mm of b2,bullet];
                  node[fit=(b1)(b2)(b3),inner ysep=1pt](f);
                  draw[densely dashed] (f.south west) --(f.south east) -- ([yshift=2pt]f.north) -- cycle;
                  +3vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
                  node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
                  node(b3)[above=2mm of b1,bullet];
                  node(b4)[above=2mm of b2,bullet];
                  node[elli,fit=(b1)(b2)];
                  node[elli,fit=(b3)(b4)];

                  +6vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
                  node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
                  node(b3)[above=2mm of b1,bullet];
                  node(b4)[above=2mm of b2,bullet];
                  node[elli,fit=(b1)(b2)];

                  +vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
                  node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
                  node(b3)[above=1mm of b1,bullet];
                  node(b4)[above=1mm of b2,bullet];
                  endalign*
                  enddocument


                  enter image description here






                  share|improve this answer












                  Very similar to Ruixi Zhang's nice answer except that I use fit to draw the dashed contours. This spares you from entering too many explicit coordinates.



                  documentclassarticle
                  usepackageamsmath,mathtools,braket
                  usepackagetikz
                  usetikzlibraryfit,shapes.geometric,positioning
                  tikzsetbullet/.style=circle,fill,inner sep=0pt,outer sep=0pt,minimum
                  size=4pt,node contents=,elli/.style=ellipse,draw,densely dashed,node
                  contents=,inner sep=1pt
                  begindocument
                  beginalign*
                  Braketx&~=~vcenterhboxtikznode[bullet];\
                  Braketx^2&~=~vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
                  node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
                  node[elli,fit=(b1)(b2)];+vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
                  node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];\
                  Braketx^3&~=~vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
                  node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
                  path (b1) -- (b2) node(b3)[bullet,midway,above=1mm+2pt];
                  node[fit=(b1)(b2)(b3),inner ysep=1pt](f);
                  draw[densely dashed] (f.south west) --(f.south east) -- ([yshift=2pt]f.north) -- cycle;
                  +3vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
                  node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
                  path (b1) -- (b2) node(b3)[bullet,midway,above=1mm+2pt];
                  node[elli,fit=(b1)(b2)];+vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
                  node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
                  path (b1) -- (b2) node(b3)[bullet,midway,above=1mm+2pt];\
                  Braketx^4&~=~vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
                  node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
                  node(b3)[above=1mm of b1,bullet];
                  node(b4)[above=1mm of b2,bullet];
                  node[draw,densely dashed,rounded corners,fit=(b1)(b2)(b3)(b4)];+4
                  vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
                  node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
                  path (b1) -- (b2) node(b3)[bullet,midway,above=1mm+2pt];
                  node(b4)[above right=1.5mm of b2,bullet];
                  node[fit=(b1)(b2)(b3),inner ysep=1pt](f);
                  draw[densely dashed] (f.south west) --(f.south east) -- ([yshift=2pt]f.north) -- cycle;
                  +3vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
                  node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
                  node(b3)[above=2mm of b1,bullet];
                  node(b4)[above=2mm of b2,bullet];
                  node[elli,fit=(b1)(b2)];
                  node[elli,fit=(b3)(b4)];

                  +6vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
                  node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
                  node(b3)[above=2mm of b1,bullet];
                  node(b4)[above=2mm of b2,bullet];
                  node[elli,fit=(b1)(b2)];

                  +vcenterhboxtikznode(b1)[bullet];
                  node(b2)[right=1mm of b1,bullet];
                  node(b3)[above=1mm of b1,bullet];
                  node(b4)[above=1mm of b2,bullet];
                  endalign*
                  enddocument


                  enter image description here







                  share|improve this answer












                  share|improve this answer



                  share|improve this answer










                  answered 1 hour ago









                  marmot

                  58.7k463126




                  58.7k463126




















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