Is secondary stress important in German?

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Almost every German phonetic book points out the presence of the secondary stress, yet unlike English I do not see most dictionaries including Duden, PONS, Oxford, Larousse among many others refer to it in the phonetic writing. I can imagine that some syllables must have a secondary stress since they do not have a primary stress and can not be reduced to schwa as well as they are originally the main stems in other words. Examples:



Einteilung, Hochhaus, Autogeschäft, auswerfen etc.



Do the previous syllables in bold have secondary stress? Is secondary stress important in German in the first place? Why do not dictionaries mention it like English dictionaries do?







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  • 1




    You should correct Autogeschäft to Autogeschäft since *ge is definitely the syllable with the least stress - Au(1)-to-ge-schäft(2). Au is first, schäft is second. Similarly aus(1)-wer(2)-fen.
    – Christian Geiselmann
    Sep 6 at 16:44















up vote
3
down vote

favorite












Almost every German phonetic book points out the presence of the secondary stress, yet unlike English I do not see most dictionaries including Duden, PONS, Oxford, Larousse among many others refer to it in the phonetic writing. I can imagine that some syllables must have a secondary stress since they do not have a primary stress and can not be reduced to schwa as well as they are originally the main stems in other words. Examples:



Einteilung, Hochhaus, Autogeschäft, auswerfen etc.



Do the previous syllables in bold have secondary stress? Is secondary stress important in German in the first place? Why do not dictionaries mention it like English dictionaries do?







share|improve this question


















  • 1




    You should correct Autogeschäft to Autogeschäft since *ge is definitely the syllable with the least stress - Au(1)-to-ge-schäft(2). Au is first, schäft is second. Similarly aus(1)-wer(2)-fen.
    – Christian Geiselmann
    Sep 6 at 16:44













up vote
3
down vote

favorite









up vote
3
down vote

favorite











Almost every German phonetic book points out the presence of the secondary stress, yet unlike English I do not see most dictionaries including Duden, PONS, Oxford, Larousse among many others refer to it in the phonetic writing. I can imagine that some syllables must have a secondary stress since they do not have a primary stress and can not be reduced to schwa as well as they are originally the main stems in other words. Examples:



Einteilung, Hochhaus, Autogeschäft, auswerfen etc.



Do the previous syllables in bold have secondary stress? Is secondary stress important in German in the first place? Why do not dictionaries mention it like English dictionaries do?







share|improve this question














Almost every German phonetic book points out the presence of the secondary stress, yet unlike English I do not see most dictionaries including Duden, PONS, Oxford, Larousse among many others refer to it in the phonetic writing. I can imagine that some syllables must have a secondary stress since they do not have a primary stress and can not be reduced to schwa as well as they are originally the main stems in other words. Examples:



Einteilung, Hochhaus, Autogeschäft, auswerfen etc.



Do the previous syllables in bold have secondary stress? Is secondary stress important in German in the first place? Why do not dictionaries mention it like English dictionaries do?









share|improve this question













share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited Sep 6 at 17:24

























asked Sep 6 at 13:56









Abdullah

570112




570112







  • 1




    You should correct Autogeschäft to Autogeschäft since *ge is definitely the syllable with the least stress - Au(1)-to-ge-schäft(2). Au is first, schäft is second. Similarly aus(1)-wer(2)-fen.
    – Christian Geiselmann
    Sep 6 at 16:44













  • 1




    You should correct Autogeschäft to Autogeschäft since *ge is definitely the syllable with the least stress - Au(1)-to-ge-schäft(2). Au is first, schäft is second. Similarly aus(1)-wer(2)-fen.
    – Christian Geiselmann
    Sep 6 at 16:44








1




1




You should correct Autogeschäft to Autogeschäft since *ge is definitely the syllable with the least stress - Au(1)-to-ge-schäft(2). Au is first, schäft is second. Similarly aus(1)-wer(2)-fen.
– Christian Geiselmann
Sep 6 at 16:44





You should correct Autogeschäft to Autogeschäft since *ge is definitely the syllable with the least stress - Au(1)-to-ge-schäft(2). Au is first, schäft is second. Similarly aus(1)-wer(2)-fen.
– Christian Geiselmann
Sep 6 at 16:44











2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes

















up vote
2
down vote



accepted










For me as a native speaker: yes, longer German words have syllables with secondary stress, and it is important to put the correct stress (pimary and secondary) on the right syllable.



Test:




Au(1)-to-ge-schäft(2)




is correctly pronounced. Whereas




*Au(1)-to-ge(2)-schäft




is a technically possible way of pronouncing this word, but it is definitely wrong. It sounds as if the person speaking was from Russia or Hungary. (Both have their peculiar and separate problems with finding the correct syllables to stress in German.)



Similarly




Ein(1)-tei(2)-lung




is correct, whereas




*Ein(1)-tei-lung(2)




sounds completely idiotic, and I can even not imagine a native speaker of what language would be in danger of pronouncing it this way. If any, it would be something as far away as Mandarin.



You can do this test with every longer word: Rattenschwanz, Gebührenordnung, Feuerwehrleiter, Hundekacke, Kamelhaarjacke, Suppenschüssel, Oxymoron, Ausspracheregel, Poesiealbum, Onomatopoeie, Auspuffmuffe...



Later thoughts: is there a 'potential secondary stress'?



After some more in-depth discussion in the comments e.g. around words such as Stadtrundfahrt, as well as with respect Janka's separate answer, I would admit that it can justifiably be claimed that Stadtrundfahrt can also be seen as having one single syllable stress (*Stadt(1)-rund-fahrt), i.e. one can see the other syllables as equally unemphasised.



However, there seems to be at least a potential secondary stress bearing syllable; which becomes visible as soon as one tries to put a secondary stress on one of the remaining syllables. Put it on the wrong syllable, and you get a clear mistake: Stadt(1)-rund-fahrt(2), whereas put on the correct syllable, everything sounds okay: *Stadt(1)-rund(2)-fahrt.



Consequently I would instroduce here the term of a "crypto-secondary stress location", "hidden secondary stress location", or "potential secondary stress location".






share|improve this answer


















  • 1




    Both Stadt- and -rund- are prefixes. The stem is -fahrt.
    – Janka
    Sep 6 at 17:04







  • 1




    @Abdullah Correct distribution of stresses is Stadt(1)-rund(2)-fahrt. - Probe: Stadt(1)-rund-fahrt(2) would sound odd. I admit that this is a difficult case. Additional observation: Rundfahrt is correctly pronounced Rund(1)-fahrt, not Rund-fahrt(1).
    – Christian Geiselmann
    Sep 6 at 17:05







  • 1




    @Janka I admit that it is also a viable argument to claim that Stadtrundfahrt has only primary stress, and no secundary. But if you want to place a secondary, it would be on rund.
    – Christian Geiselmann
    Sep 6 at 17:12







  • 1




    @Abdullah It was a good and well-put question.
    – Christian Geiselmann
    Sep 6 at 17:13






  • 1




    By the way, if you always stress the end the words, you'll sound Swiss.
    – Janka
    Sep 6 at 17:14

















up vote
1
down vote













Secondary stress is used on the stem if the primary stress is put on the prefix instead by purpose. For example, the natural pronounciations are:




'Teilung → 'Ein"teilung



'werfen → 'aus"werfen




It's pretty common to use stress to distinguish separable verbs from their inseparable counterparts:




fahren → 'um"fahren (Sie 'fuhr den Pylon 'um.)



fahren → um'fahren (Sie um'fuhr den Pylon.)




Your other two examples Hochhaus and Autogeschäft do not have "natural" secondary stress. Just don't put any stress on reduction syllables as -ge- in Autogeschäft. (You may of course apply your own stress pattern to point out parts of the word.)






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    2 Answers
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    active

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    2 Answers
    2






    active

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    active

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    up vote
    2
    down vote



    accepted










    For me as a native speaker: yes, longer German words have syllables with secondary stress, and it is important to put the correct stress (pimary and secondary) on the right syllable.



    Test:




    Au(1)-to-ge-schäft(2)




    is correctly pronounced. Whereas




    *Au(1)-to-ge(2)-schäft




    is a technically possible way of pronouncing this word, but it is definitely wrong. It sounds as if the person speaking was from Russia or Hungary. (Both have their peculiar and separate problems with finding the correct syllables to stress in German.)



    Similarly




    Ein(1)-tei(2)-lung




    is correct, whereas




    *Ein(1)-tei-lung(2)




    sounds completely idiotic, and I can even not imagine a native speaker of what language would be in danger of pronouncing it this way. If any, it would be something as far away as Mandarin.



    You can do this test with every longer word: Rattenschwanz, Gebührenordnung, Feuerwehrleiter, Hundekacke, Kamelhaarjacke, Suppenschüssel, Oxymoron, Ausspracheregel, Poesiealbum, Onomatopoeie, Auspuffmuffe...



    Later thoughts: is there a 'potential secondary stress'?



    After some more in-depth discussion in the comments e.g. around words such as Stadtrundfahrt, as well as with respect Janka's separate answer, I would admit that it can justifiably be claimed that Stadtrundfahrt can also be seen as having one single syllable stress (*Stadt(1)-rund-fahrt), i.e. one can see the other syllables as equally unemphasised.



    However, there seems to be at least a potential secondary stress bearing syllable; which becomes visible as soon as one tries to put a secondary stress on one of the remaining syllables. Put it on the wrong syllable, and you get a clear mistake: Stadt(1)-rund-fahrt(2), whereas put on the correct syllable, everything sounds okay: *Stadt(1)-rund(2)-fahrt.



    Consequently I would instroduce here the term of a "crypto-secondary stress location", "hidden secondary stress location", or "potential secondary stress location".






    share|improve this answer


















    • 1




      Both Stadt- and -rund- are prefixes. The stem is -fahrt.
      – Janka
      Sep 6 at 17:04







    • 1




      @Abdullah Correct distribution of stresses is Stadt(1)-rund(2)-fahrt. - Probe: Stadt(1)-rund-fahrt(2) would sound odd. I admit that this is a difficult case. Additional observation: Rundfahrt is correctly pronounced Rund(1)-fahrt, not Rund-fahrt(1).
      – Christian Geiselmann
      Sep 6 at 17:05







    • 1




      @Janka I admit that it is also a viable argument to claim that Stadtrundfahrt has only primary stress, and no secundary. But if you want to place a secondary, it would be on rund.
      – Christian Geiselmann
      Sep 6 at 17:12







    • 1




      @Abdullah It was a good and well-put question.
      – Christian Geiselmann
      Sep 6 at 17:13






    • 1




      By the way, if you always stress the end the words, you'll sound Swiss.
      – Janka
      Sep 6 at 17:14














    up vote
    2
    down vote



    accepted










    For me as a native speaker: yes, longer German words have syllables with secondary stress, and it is important to put the correct stress (pimary and secondary) on the right syllable.



    Test:




    Au(1)-to-ge-schäft(2)




    is correctly pronounced. Whereas




    *Au(1)-to-ge(2)-schäft




    is a technically possible way of pronouncing this word, but it is definitely wrong. It sounds as if the person speaking was from Russia or Hungary. (Both have their peculiar and separate problems with finding the correct syllables to stress in German.)



    Similarly




    Ein(1)-tei(2)-lung




    is correct, whereas




    *Ein(1)-tei-lung(2)




    sounds completely idiotic, and I can even not imagine a native speaker of what language would be in danger of pronouncing it this way. If any, it would be something as far away as Mandarin.



    You can do this test with every longer word: Rattenschwanz, Gebührenordnung, Feuerwehrleiter, Hundekacke, Kamelhaarjacke, Suppenschüssel, Oxymoron, Ausspracheregel, Poesiealbum, Onomatopoeie, Auspuffmuffe...



    Later thoughts: is there a 'potential secondary stress'?



    After some more in-depth discussion in the comments e.g. around words such as Stadtrundfahrt, as well as with respect Janka's separate answer, I would admit that it can justifiably be claimed that Stadtrundfahrt can also be seen as having one single syllable stress (*Stadt(1)-rund-fahrt), i.e. one can see the other syllables as equally unemphasised.



    However, there seems to be at least a potential secondary stress bearing syllable; which becomes visible as soon as one tries to put a secondary stress on one of the remaining syllables. Put it on the wrong syllable, and you get a clear mistake: Stadt(1)-rund-fahrt(2), whereas put on the correct syllable, everything sounds okay: *Stadt(1)-rund(2)-fahrt.



    Consequently I would instroduce here the term of a "crypto-secondary stress location", "hidden secondary stress location", or "potential secondary stress location".






    share|improve this answer


















    • 1




      Both Stadt- and -rund- are prefixes. The stem is -fahrt.
      – Janka
      Sep 6 at 17:04







    • 1




      @Abdullah Correct distribution of stresses is Stadt(1)-rund(2)-fahrt. - Probe: Stadt(1)-rund-fahrt(2) would sound odd. I admit that this is a difficult case. Additional observation: Rundfahrt is correctly pronounced Rund(1)-fahrt, not Rund-fahrt(1).
      – Christian Geiselmann
      Sep 6 at 17:05







    • 1




      @Janka I admit that it is also a viable argument to claim that Stadtrundfahrt has only primary stress, and no secundary. But if you want to place a secondary, it would be on rund.
      – Christian Geiselmann
      Sep 6 at 17:12







    • 1




      @Abdullah It was a good and well-put question.
      – Christian Geiselmann
      Sep 6 at 17:13






    • 1




      By the way, if you always stress the end the words, you'll sound Swiss.
      – Janka
      Sep 6 at 17:14












    up vote
    2
    down vote



    accepted







    up vote
    2
    down vote



    accepted






    For me as a native speaker: yes, longer German words have syllables with secondary stress, and it is important to put the correct stress (pimary and secondary) on the right syllable.



    Test:




    Au(1)-to-ge-schäft(2)




    is correctly pronounced. Whereas




    *Au(1)-to-ge(2)-schäft




    is a technically possible way of pronouncing this word, but it is definitely wrong. It sounds as if the person speaking was from Russia or Hungary. (Both have their peculiar and separate problems with finding the correct syllables to stress in German.)



    Similarly




    Ein(1)-tei(2)-lung




    is correct, whereas




    *Ein(1)-tei-lung(2)




    sounds completely idiotic, and I can even not imagine a native speaker of what language would be in danger of pronouncing it this way. If any, it would be something as far away as Mandarin.



    You can do this test with every longer word: Rattenschwanz, Gebührenordnung, Feuerwehrleiter, Hundekacke, Kamelhaarjacke, Suppenschüssel, Oxymoron, Ausspracheregel, Poesiealbum, Onomatopoeie, Auspuffmuffe...



    Later thoughts: is there a 'potential secondary stress'?



    After some more in-depth discussion in the comments e.g. around words such as Stadtrundfahrt, as well as with respect Janka's separate answer, I would admit that it can justifiably be claimed that Stadtrundfahrt can also be seen as having one single syllable stress (*Stadt(1)-rund-fahrt), i.e. one can see the other syllables as equally unemphasised.



    However, there seems to be at least a potential secondary stress bearing syllable; which becomes visible as soon as one tries to put a secondary stress on one of the remaining syllables. Put it on the wrong syllable, and you get a clear mistake: Stadt(1)-rund-fahrt(2), whereas put on the correct syllable, everything sounds okay: *Stadt(1)-rund(2)-fahrt.



    Consequently I would instroduce here the term of a "crypto-secondary stress location", "hidden secondary stress location", or "potential secondary stress location".






    share|improve this answer














    For me as a native speaker: yes, longer German words have syllables with secondary stress, and it is important to put the correct stress (pimary and secondary) on the right syllable.



    Test:




    Au(1)-to-ge-schäft(2)




    is correctly pronounced. Whereas




    *Au(1)-to-ge(2)-schäft




    is a technically possible way of pronouncing this word, but it is definitely wrong. It sounds as if the person speaking was from Russia or Hungary. (Both have their peculiar and separate problems with finding the correct syllables to stress in German.)



    Similarly




    Ein(1)-tei(2)-lung




    is correct, whereas




    *Ein(1)-tei-lung(2)




    sounds completely idiotic, and I can even not imagine a native speaker of what language would be in danger of pronouncing it this way. If any, it would be something as far away as Mandarin.



    You can do this test with every longer word: Rattenschwanz, Gebührenordnung, Feuerwehrleiter, Hundekacke, Kamelhaarjacke, Suppenschüssel, Oxymoron, Ausspracheregel, Poesiealbum, Onomatopoeie, Auspuffmuffe...



    Later thoughts: is there a 'potential secondary stress'?



    After some more in-depth discussion in the comments e.g. around words such as Stadtrundfahrt, as well as with respect Janka's separate answer, I would admit that it can justifiably be claimed that Stadtrundfahrt can also be seen as having one single syllable stress (*Stadt(1)-rund-fahrt), i.e. one can see the other syllables as equally unemphasised.



    However, there seems to be at least a potential secondary stress bearing syllable; which becomes visible as soon as one tries to put a secondary stress on one of the remaining syllables. Put it on the wrong syllable, and you get a clear mistake: Stadt(1)-rund-fahrt(2), whereas put on the correct syllable, everything sounds okay: *Stadt(1)-rund(2)-fahrt.



    Consequently I would instroduce here the term of a "crypto-secondary stress location", "hidden secondary stress location", or "potential secondary stress location".







    share|improve this answer














    share|improve this answer



    share|improve this answer








    edited Sep 6 at 17:35

























    answered Sep 6 at 16:48









    Christian Geiselmann

    16.1k1246




    16.1k1246







    • 1




      Both Stadt- and -rund- are prefixes. The stem is -fahrt.
      – Janka
      Sep 6 at 17:04







    • 1




      @Abdullah Correct distribution of stresses is Stadt(1)-rund(2)-fahrt. - Probe: Stadt(1)-rund-fahrt(2) would sound odd. I admit that this is a difficult case. Additional observation: Rundfahrt is correctly pronounced Rund(1)-fahrt, not Rund-fahrt(1).
      – Christian Geiselmann
      Sep 6 at 17:05







    • 1




      @Janka I admit that it is also a viable argument to claim that Stadtrundfahrt has only primary stress, and no secundary. But if you want to place a secondary, it would be on rund.
      – Christian Geiselmann
      Sep 6 at 17:12







    • 1




      @Abdullah It was a good and well-put question.
      – Christian Geiselmann
      Sep 6 at 17:13






    • 1




      By the way, if you always stress the end the words, you'll sound Swiss.
      – Janka
      Sep 6 at 17:14












    • 1




      Both Stadt- and -rund- are prefixes. The stem is -fahrt.
      – Janka
      Sep 6 at 17:04







    • 1




      @Abdullah Correct distribution of stresses is Stadt(1)-rund(2)-fahrt. - Probe: Stadt(1)-rund-fahrt(2) would sound odd. I admit that this is a difficult case. Additional observation: Rundfahrt is correctly pronounced Rund(1)-fahrt, not Rund-fahrt(1).
      – Christian Geiselmann
      Sep 6 at 17:05







    • 1




      @Janka I admit that it is also a viable argument to claim that Stadtrundfahrt has only primary stress, and no secundary. But if you want to place a secondary, it would be on rund.
      – Christian Geiselmann
      Sep 6 at 17:12







    • 1




      @Abdullah It was a good and well-put question.
      – Christian Geiselmann
      Sep 6 at 17:13






    • 1




      By the way, if you always stress the end the words, you'll sound Swiss.
      – Janka
      Sep 6 at 17:14







    1




    1




    Both Stadt- and -rund- are prefixes. The stem is -fahrt.
    – Janka
    Sep 6 at 17:04





    Both Stadt- and -rund- are prefixes. The stem is -fahrt.
    – Janka
    Sep 6 at 17:04





    1




    1




    @Abdullah Correct distribution of stresses is Stadt(1)-rund(2)-fahrt. - Probe: Stadt(1)-rund-fahrt(2) would sound odd. I admit that this is a difficult case. Additional observation: Rundfahrt is correctly pronounced Rund(1)-fahrt, not Rund-fahrt(1).
    – Christian Geiselmann
    Sep 6 at 17:05





    @Abdullah Correct distribution of stresses is Stadt(1)-rund(2)-fahrt. - Probe: Stadt(1)-rund-fahrt(2) would sound odd. I admit that this is a difficult case. Additional observation: Rundfahrt is correctly pronounced Rund(1)-fahrt, not Rund-fahrt(1).
    – Christian Geiselmann
    Sep 6 at 17:05





    1




    1




    @Janka I admit that it is also a viable argument to claim that Stadtrundfahrt has only primary stress, and no secundary. But if you want to place a secondary, it would be on rund.
    – Christian Geiselmann
    Sep 6 at 17:12





    @Janka I admit that it is also a viable argument to claim that Stadtrundfahrt has only primary stress, and no secundary. But if you want to place a secondary, it would be on rund.
    – Christian Geiselmann
    Sep 6 at 17:12





    1




    1




    @Abdullah It was a good and well-put question.
    – Christian Geiselmann
    Sep 6 at 17:13




    @Abdullah It was a good and well-put question.
    – Christian Geiselmann
    Sep 6 at 17:13




    1




    1




    By the way, if you always stress the end the words, you'll sound Swiss.
    – Janka
    Sep 6 at 17:14




    By the way, if you always stress the end the words, you'll sound Swiss.
    – Janka
    Sep 6 at 17:14










    up vote
    1
    down vote













    Secondary stress is used on the stem if the primary stress is put on the prefix instead by purpose. For example, the natural pronounciations are:




    'Teilung → 'Ein"teilung



    'werfen → 'aus"werfen




    It's pretty common to use stress to distinguish separable verbs from their inseparable counterparts:




    fahren → 'um"fahren (Sie 'fuhr den Pylon 'um.)



    fahren → um'fahren (Sie um'fuhr den Pylon.)




    Your other two examples Hochhaus and Autogeschäft do not have "natural" secondary stress. Just don't put any stress on reduction syllables as -ge- in Autogeschäft. (You may of course apply your own stress pattern to point out parts of the word.)






    share|improve this answer


























      up vote
      1
      down vote













      Secondary stress is used on the stem if the primary stress is put on the prefix instead by purpose. For example, the natural pronounciations are:




      'Teilung → 'Ein"teilung



      'werfen → 'aus"werfen




      It's pretty common to use stress to distinguish separable verbs from their inseparable counterparts:




      fahren → 'um"fahren (Sie 'fuhr den Pylon 'um.)



      fahren → um'fahren (Sie um'fuhr den Pylon.)




      Your other two examples Hochhaus and Autogeschäft do not have "natural" secondary stress. Just don't put any stress on reduction syllables as -ge- in Autogeschäft. (You may of course apply your own stress pattern to point out parts of the word.)






      share|improve this answer
























        up vote
        1
        down vote










        up vote
        1
        down vote









        Secondary stress is used on the stem if the primary stress is put on the prefix instead by purpose. For example, the natural pronounciations are:




        'Teilung → 'Ein"teilung



        'werfen → 'aus"werfen




        It's pretty common to use stress to distinguish separable verbs from their inseparable counterparts:




        fahren → 'um"fahren (Sie 'fuhr den Pylon 'um.)



        fahren → um'fahren (Sie um'fuhr den Pylon.)




        Your other two examples Hochhaus and Autogeschäft do not have "natural" secondary stress. Just don't put any stress on reduction syllables as -ge- in Autogeschäft. (You may of course apply your own stress pattern to point out parts of the word.)






        share|improve this answer














        Secondary stress is used on the stem if the primary stress is put on the prefix instead by purpose. For example, the natural pronounciations are:




        'Teilung → 'Ein"teilung



        'werfen → 'aus"werfen




        It's pretty common to use stress to distinguish separable verbs from their inseparable counterparts:




        fahren → 'um"fahren (Sie 'fuhr den Pylon 'um.)



        fahren → um'fahren (Sie um'fuhr den Pylon.)




        Your other two examples Hochhaus and Autogeschäft do not have "natural" secondary stress. Just don't put any stress on reduction syllables as -ge- in Autogeschäft. (You may of course apply your own stress pattern to point out parts of the word.)







        share|improve this answer














        share|improve this answer



        share|improve this answer








        edited Sep 6 at 17:01

























        answered Sep 6 at 16:50









        Janka

        23.4k21849




        23.4k21849



























             

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