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What is the instruction set of the Z4?
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I am able to find a few instructions, such as:
Fin(presumably "Fine", as in the end of a musical score, ends a program),Fin', (a conditionalFin),St(possibly "Start" -- the need for this is unclear),Up(My guess is "Unterprogramm" which means subroutine, since it apparently invokes subroutine At1,x =?(Apparently checks the subroutine's return value, which is stored in location 63),
But I cannot find a complete reference to the Z4 instruction set, nor does anyone seem to have implemented any emulator. I hope this information has not been lost to obscurity!
What is the complete instruction set of the Z4?
instruction-set zuse
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Wilson
9,084541111
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I am able to find a few instructions, such as:
Fin(presumably "Fine", as in the end of a musical score, ends a program),Fin', (a conditionalFin),St(possibly "Start" -- the need for this is unclear),Up(My guess is "Unterprogramm" which means subroutine, since it apparently invokes subroutine At1,x =?(Apparently checks the subroutine's return value, which is stored in location 63),
But I cannot find a complete reference to the Z4 instruction set, nor does anyone seem to have implemented any emulator. I hope this information has not been lost to obscurity!
What is the complete instruction set of the Z4?
instruction-set zuse
asked 2 hours ago
Wilson
9,084541111
1
Bonus points if you can comment on whether the instructions were the same or different from the other computers built by Konrad Zuse.
– Wilson
2 hours ago
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up vote
3
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favorite
up vote
3
down vote
favorite
I am able to find a few instructions, such as:
Fin(presumably "Fine", as in the end of a musical score, ends a program),Fin', (a conditionalFin),St(possibly "Start" -- the need for this is unclear),Up(My guess is "Unterprogramm" which means subroutine, since it apparently invokes subroutine At1,x =?(Apparently checks the subroutine's return value, which is stored in location 63),
But I cannot find a complete reference to the Z4 instruction set, nor does anyone seem to have implemented any emulator. I hope this information has not been lost to obscurity!
What is the complete instruction set of the Z4?
instruction-set zuse
asked 2 hours ago
Wilson
9,084541111
I am able to find a few instructions, such as:
Fin(presumably "Fine", as in the end of a musical score, ends a program),Fin', (a conditionalFin),St(possibly "Start" -- the need for this is unclear),Up(My guess is "Unterprogramm" which means subroutine, since it apparently invokes subroutine At1,x =?(Apparently checks the subroutine's return value, which is stored in location 63),
But I cannot find a complete reference to the Z4 instruction set, nor does anyone seem to have implemented any emulator. I hope this information has not been lost to obscurity!
What is the complete instruction set of the Z4?
instruction-set zuse
instruction-set zuse
asked 2 hours ago
Wilson
9,084541111
asked 2 hours ago
Wilson
9,084541111
asked 2 hours ago
Wilson
9,084541111
asked 2 hours ago
Wilson
9,084541111
asked 2 hours ago
Wilson
9,084541111
9,084541111
1
Bonus points if you can comment on whether the instructions were the same or different from the other computers built by Konrad Zuse.
– Wilson
2 hours ago
add a comment |Â
1
Bonus points if you can comment on whether the instructions were the same or different from the other computers built by Konrad Zuse.
– Wilson
2 hours ago
1
1
Bonus points if you can comment on whether the instructions were the same or different from the other computers built by Konrad Zuse.
– Wilson
2 hours ago
Bonus points if you can comment on whether the instructions were the same or different from the other computers built by Konrad Zuse.
– Wilson
2 hours ago
add a comment |Â
3 Answers
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Konrad Zuse—the first relay computer
The Z4 made use of a unit called a Planfertigungsteil (program construction unit),which was used to produce punch tapes, containing instructions for the Z4 in a very easy way. For this reason, it was possible to learn the programming of the Z4 in as little as three hours. The Z4 had a large instruction set in order to calculate complicated scientific programs. The arithmetic processor was a powerful binary floating processor. The set of instructions is as follows:
Instructions for Input: <-, At1, etc.: These allow numbers to be read from the punch tape.
Instructions for Output: ->, D, L, etc.: These instructions cause binary numbers to be converted into their decimal equivalents and the results to be displayed with lamps, on the MERCEDES typewriter as floating or fixed point numbers, or on the punch tape.
Instruction for reading from memory: A n. For example A 17. This reads the contents of memory cell 17 into the Register R1. If Register R1 is occupied, then the contents are loaded into Register R2.
Instruction for writing to memory: S n. For example S 18. This writes the contents of Register R1 into the memory cell 18.
Dyadic operations: +, -, x, /, MAX, and MIN.
Monadic operations: x2, SQR(x), 1/x, | x | , sign(x), x*1/2, x*2, x*(-1), x*10, x*3, x*1/3, x*1/5, x*1/7, x*Pi, x*1/Pi.
Instructions for comparison: x = 0, x >= 0, | x | = infinity test the value in Register R1 and set Register R1 to +1 if the condition is fulfilled, if not, then the contents of Register R1 are set to –1.
A conditional branch instruction: SPR. The instruction SPR skips the punch tape to the instruction ST, if Register R1 contains +1 (if Register R1 contains –1 then there is no impact).
Instructions for switching the punch tape readers (the Z4 had two punch tape readers).
Like the Z3, the Z4 supported powerful arithmetic exception handling. The computing times were: addition and memory access, half a second; multiplication, 3 seconds; division and square root, 6 seconds; overall performance, 2000 instructions, or 1000 arithmetic operations per hour.
answered 2 hours ago
UncleBod
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Horst Zuse (Konrad Zuse's son, a computer science professor by trade) has a Homepage where he supplies (and, partially, sells) various pieces of information, booklets and CDs and DVDs about his father's work.
The Z4 had two floating point registers R1 and R2, that were used for calculations. Monadic operations operated on R1 only, Dyadic operations on R1 and R2. Results always went to R1, R2 was deleted.
The "Instruction set" of the Z4 was as follows:
Ablesebefehl A n (e.g. A 17) - reads memory cell 17 into R1 or R2 (R2 if R1 is in use)
Speicherbefehl S n (e.g. S 18) - Stores R1 to memory cell 18- Dyadic operations: + - x / MAJ (Maximum) Min.
- Monadic operations: x^2 SQR(x) 1/x IxI sgn(x) x*½ x*2 x*(-1) x*10 x*3 x*1/3 x*1/5 x*1/7 x*pi x*1/pi.
- Comparison operation with zero, positive, infinite(i.e. NaN) test the number in R1 and return +1 if the condition matches, -1 if not
- The conditional jump (SPR) was a later addition and included on specific request of the Zürich University (ETH), the first commercial customer. It allows to jump forward over code sequences when R1 is +1, the jump will not be executed when R1 is -1. Instructions up to the instruction ST will be skipped if the jump is taken. SPR was normally combined with the comparisons above
- UP (Change punch reader, Unterplan) is something that might look like an I/O operation, but actually is much more. The next instructions after UP are read from the secondary punch tape reader, until a FIN instruction is encountered there (which switches back to the primary reader). As the Z4 didn't have loop or backwards jump instructions, this could be used to program subroutines on the secondary reader, or even loops by glueing the secondary punch tape into a (physical) loop and run it around.
- Output instructions (D, L) transfer register contents into human-readable form and emit them to the "display" (a set of lamps), secondary punch tape (external storage), or typewriter
The Z4 handled, like the Z3, floating point exceptions in a pretty "modern" way. Numbers that exceed the supported FP range (1E-20 - 1E20) are stored as overflow ("sehr groß") or underflow ("unbestimmt"). Once a number is stored as that, any follow-up calculation with that number is secured to never reach a valid value again (just like +NaN and -NaN in modern FPUs do).
Some fun-facts:
- The ETH Zürich, the first commercial customer, rented off the machine
to third parties at 1 Swiss Rappen/instruction. - During its whole lifetime at ETH Zürich, the Z4 executed about 100k operations.
- If you want to visit the machine, it's still there in the "Deutsches Museum
München" - Operating frequency in today's measures was about 40Hz
- The machine operated on 32-bit words and registers
answered 1 hour ago
tofro
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This page, put online by his son, gives a good overview of the Z4 instruction set - most important, it's in English as well :))
(I know, this is a link only answer, but I'm on the run, more detailed later on)
answered 2 hours ago
Raffzahn
37.3k483149
What ifUpis called from the Unterprogramm?
– Wilson
2 hours ago
It looks like that page has confused "Monadic" and "Dyadic" operations, oder?
– Wilson
2 hours ago
In the list? yes - as monadic is used the right way in the paragraph right before. UP called on reader two will advance it to the next program start and execute there - AFAIR
– Raffzahn
1 hour ago
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3 Answers
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3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
up vote
2
down vote
Konrad Zuse—the first relay computer
The Z4 made use of a unit called a Planfertigungsteil (program construction unit),which was used to produce punch tapes, containing instructions for the Z4 in a very easy way. For this reason, it was possible to learn the programming of the Z4 in as little as three hours. The Z4 had a large instruction set in order to calculate complicated scientific programs. The arithmetic processor was a powerful binary floating processor. The set of instructions is as follows:
Instructions for Input: <-, At1, etc.: These allow numbers to be read from the punch tape.
Instructions for Output: ->, D, L, etc.: These instructions cause binary numbers to be converted into their decimal equivalents and the results to be displayed with lamps, on the MERCEDES typewriter as floating or fixed point numbers, or on the punch tape.
Instruction for reading from memory: A n. For example A 17. This reads the contents of memory cell 17 into the Register R1. If Register R1 is occupied, then the contents are loaded into Register R2.
Instruction for writing to memory: S n. For example S 18. This writes the contents of Register R1 into the memory cell 18.
Dyadic operations: +, -, x, /, MAX, and MIN.
Monadic operations: x2, SQR(x), 1/x, | x | , sign(x), x*1/2, x*2, x*(-1), x*10, x*3, x*1/3, x*1/5, x*1/7, x*Pi, x*1/Pi.
Instructions for comparison: x = 0, x >= 0, | x | = infinity test the value in Register R1 and set Register R1 to +1 if the condition is fulfilled, if not, then the contents of Register R1 are set to –1.
A conditional branch instruction: SPR. The instruction SPR skips the punch tape to the instruction ST, if Register R1 contains +1 (if Register R1 contains –1 then there is no impact).
Instructions for switching the punch tape readers (the Z4 had two punch tape readers).
Like the Z3, the Z4 supported powerful arithmetic exception handling. The computing times were: addition and memory access, half a second; multiplication, 3 seconds; division and square root, 6 seconds; overall performance, 2000 instructions, or 1000 arithmetic operations per hour.
answered 2 hours ago
UncleBod
3273
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up vote
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Konrad Zuse—the first relay computer
The Z4 made use of a unit called a Planfertigungsteil (program construction unit),which was used to produce punch tapes, containing instructions for the Z4 in a very easy way. For this reason, it was possible to learn the programming of the Z4 in as little as three hours. The Z4 had a large instruction set in order to calculate complicated scientific programs. The arithmetic processor was a powerful binary floating processor. The set of instructions is as follows:
Instructions for Input: <-, At1, etc.: These allow numbers to be read from the punch tape.
Instructions for Output: ->, D, L, etc.: These instructions cause binary numbers to be converted into their decimal equivalents and the results to be displayed with lamps, on the MERCEDES typewriter as floating or fixed point numbers, or on the punch tape.
Instruction for reading from memory: A n. For example A 17. This reads the contents of memory cell 17 into the Register R1. If Register R1 is occupied, then the contents are loaded into Register R2.
Instruction for writing to memory: S n. For example S 18. This writes the contents of Register R1 into the memory cell 18.
Dyadic operations: +, -, x, /, MAX, and MIN.
Monadic operations: x2, SQR(x), 1/x, | x | , sign(x), x*1/2, x*2, x*(-1), x*10, x*3, x*1/3, x*1/5, x*1/7, x*Pi, x*1/Pi.
Instructions for comparison: x = 0, x >= 0, | x | = infinity test the value in Register R1 and set Register R1 to +1 if the condition is fulfilled, if not, then the contents of Register R1 are set to –1.
A conditional branch instruction: SPR. The instruction SPR skips the punch tape to the instruction ST, if Register R1 contains +1 (if Register R1 contains –1 then there is no impact).
Instructions for switching the punch tape readers (the Z4 had two punch tape readers).
Like the Z3, the Z4 supported powerful arithmetic exception handling. The computing times were: addition and memory access, half a second; multiplication, 3 seconds; division and square root, 6 seconds; overall performance, 2000 instructions, or 1000 arithmetic operations per hour.
answered 2 hours ago
UncleBod
3273
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up vote
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up vote
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Konrad Zuse—the first relay computer
The Z4 made use of a unit called a Planfertigungsteil (program construction unit),which was used to produce punch tapes, containing instructions for the Z4 in a very easy way. For this reason, it was possible to learn the programming of the Z4 in as little as three hours. The Z4 had a large instruction set in order to calculate complicated scientific programs. The arithmetic processor was a powerful binary floating processor. The set of instructions is as follows:
Instructions for Input: <-, At1, etc.: These allow numbers to be read from the punch tape.
Instructions for Output: ->, D, L, etc.: These instructions cause binary numbers to be converted into their decimal equivalents and the results to be displayed with lamps, on the MERCEDES typewriter as floating or fixed point numbers, or on the punch tape.
Instruction for reading from memory: A n. For example A 17. This reads the contents of memory cell 17 into the Register R1. If Register R1 is occupied, then the contents are loaded into Register R2.
Instruction for writing to memory: S n. For example S 18. This writes the contents of Register R1 into the memory cell 18.
Dyadic operations: +, -, x, /, MAX, and MIN.
Monadic operations: x2, SQR(x), 1/x, | x | , sign(x), x*1/2, x*2, x*(-1), x*10, x*3, x*1/3, x*1/5, x*1/7, x*Pi, x*1/Pi.
Instructions for comparison: x = 0, x >= 0, | x | = infinity test the value in Register R1 and set Register R1 to +1 if the condition is fulfilled, if not, then the contents of Register R1 are set to –1.
A conditional branch instruction: SPR. The instruction SPR skips the punch tape to the instruction ST, if Register R1 contains +1 (if Register R1 contains –1 then there is no impact).
Instructions for switching the punch tape readers (the Z4 had two punch tape readers).
Like the Z3, the Z4 supported powerful arithmetic exception handling. The computing times were: addition and memory access, half a second; multiplication, 3 seconds; division and square root, 6 seconds; overall performance, 2000 instructions, or 1000 arithmetic operations per hour.
answered 2 hours ago
UncleBod
3273
Konrad Zuse—the first relay computer
The Z4 made use of a unit called a Planfertigungsteil (program construction unit),which was used to produce punch tapes, containing instructions for the Z4 in a very easy way. For this reason, it was possible to learn the programming of the Z4 in as little as three hours. The Z4 had a large instruction set in order to calculate complicated scientific programs. The arithmetic processor was a powerful binary floating processor. The set of instructions is as follows:
Instructions for Input: <-, At1, etc.: These allow numbers to be read from the punch tape.
Instructions for Output: ->, D, L, etc.: These instructions cause binary numbers to be converted into their decimal equivalents and the results to be displayed with lamps, on the MERCEDES typewriter as floating or fixed point numbers, or on the punch tape.
Instruction for reading from memory: A n. For example A 17. This reads the contents of memory cell 17 into the Register R1. If Register R1 is occupied, then the contents are loaded into Register R2.
Instruction for writing to memory: S n. For example S 18. This writes the contents of Register R1 into the memory cell 18.
Dyadic operations: +, -, x, /, MAX, and MIN.
Monadic operations: x2, SQR(x), 1/x, | x | , sign(x), x*1/2, x*2, x*(-1), x*10, x*3, x*1/3, x*1/5, x*1/7, x*Pi, x*1/Pi.
Instructions for comparison: x = 0, x >= 0, | x | = infinity test the value in Register R1 and set Register R1 to +1 if the condition is fulfilled, if not, then the contents of Register R1 are set to –1.
A conditional branch instruction: SPR. The instruction SPR skips the punch tape to the instruction ST, if Register R1 contains +1 (if Register R1 contains –1 then there is no impact).
Instructions for switching the punch tape readers (the Z4 had two punch tape readers).
Like the Z3, the Z4 supported powerful arithmetic exception handling. The computing times were: addition and memory access, half a second; multiplication, 3 seconds; division and square root, 6 seconds; overall performance, 2000 instructions, or 1000 arithmetic operations per hour.
answered 2 hours ago
UncleBod
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answered 2 hours ago
UncleBod
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answered 2 hours ago
UncleBod
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answered 2 hours ago
UncleBod
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Horst Zuse (Konrad Zuse's son, a computer science professor by trade) has a Homepage where he supplies (and, partially, sells) various pieces of information, booklets and CDs and DVDs about his father's work.
The Z4 had two floating point registers R1 and R2, that were used for calculations. Monadic operations operated on R1 only, Dyadic operations on R1 and R2. Results always went to R1, R2 was deleted.
The "Instruction set" of the Z4 was as follows:
Ablesebefehl A n (e.g. A 17) - reads memory cell 17 into R1 or R2 (R2 if R1 is in use)
Speicherbefehl S n (e.g. S 18) - Stores R1 to memory cell 18- Dyadic operations: + - x / MAJ (Maximum) Min.
- Monadic operations: x^2 SQR(x) 1/x IxI sgn(x) x*½ x*2 x*(-1) x*10 x*3 x*1/3 x*1/5 x*1/7 x*pi x*1/pi.
- Comparison operation with zero, positive, infinite(i.e. NaN) test the number in R1 and return +1 if the condition matches, -1 if not
- The conditional jump (SPR) was a later addition and included on specific request of the Zürich University (ETH), the first commercial customer. It allows to jump forward over code sequences when R1 is +1, the jump will not be executed when R1 is -1. Instructions up to the instruction ST will be skipped if the jump is taken. SPR was normally combined with the comparisons above
- UP (Change punch reader, Unterplan) is something that might look like an I/O operation, but actually is much more. The next instructions after UP are read from the secondary punch tape reader, until a FIN instruction is encountered there (which switches back to the primary reader). As the Z4 didn't have loop or backwards jump instructions, this could be used to program subroutines on the secondary reader, or even loops by glueing the secondary punch tape into a (physical) loop and run it around.
- Output instructions (D, L) transfer register contents into human-readable form and emit them to the "display" (a set of lamps), secondary punch tape (external storage), or typewriter
The Z4 handled, like the Z3, floating point exceptions in a pretty "modern" way. Numbers that exceed the supported FP range (1E-20 - 1E20) are stored as overflow ("sehr groß") or underflow ("unbestimmt"). Once a number is stored as that, any follow-up calculation with that number is secured to never reach a valid value again (just like +NaN and -NaN in modern FPUs do).
Some fun-facts:
- The ETH Zürich, the first commercial customer, rented off the machine
to third parties at 1 Swiss Rappen/instruction. - During its whole lifetime at ETH Zürich, the Z4 executed about 100k operations.
- If you want to visit the machine, it's still there in the "Deutsches Museum
München" - Operating frequency in today's measures was about 40Hz
- The machine operated on 32-bit words and registers
answered 1 hour ago
tofro
12.6k32672
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up vote
1
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Horst Zuse (Konrad Zuse's son, a computer science professor by trade) has a Homepage where he supplies (and, partially, sells) various pieces of information, booklets and CDs and DVDs about his father's work.
The Z4 had two floating point registers R1 and R2, that were used for calculations. Monadic operations operated on R1 only, Dyadic operations on R1 and R2. Results always went to R1, R2 was deleted.
The "Instruction set" of the Z4 was as follows:
Ablesebefehl A n (e.g. A 17) - reads memory cell 17 into R1 or R2 (R2 if R1 is in use)
Speicherbefehl S n (e.g. S 18) - Stores R1 to memory cell 18- Dyadic operations: + - x / MAJ (Maximum) Min.
- Monadic operations: x^2 SQR(x) 1/x IxI sgn(x) x*½ x*2 x*(-1) x*10 x*3 x*1/3 x*1/5 x*1/7 x*pi x*1/pi.
- Comparison operation with zero, positive, infinite(i.e. NaN) test the number in R1 and return +1 if the condition matches, -1 if not
- The conditional jump (SPR) was a later addition and included on specific request of the Zürich University (ETH), the first commercial customer. It allows to jump forward over code sequences when R1 is +1, the jump will not be executed when R1 is -1. Instructions up to the instruction ST will be skipped if the jump is taken. SPR was normally combined with the comparisons above
- UP (Change punch reader, Unterplan) is something that might look like an I/O operation, but actually is much more. The next instructions after UP are read from the secondary punch tape reader, until a FIN instruction is encountered there (which switches back to the primary reader). As the Z4 didn't have loop or backwards jump instructions, this could be used to program subroutines on the secondary reader, or even loops by glueing the secondary punch tape into a (physical) loop and run it around.
- Output instructions (D, L) transfer register contents into human-readable form and emit them to the "display" (a set of lamps), secondary punch tape (external storage), or typewriter
The Z4 handled, like the Z3, floating point exceptions in a pretty "modern" way. Numbers that exceed the supported FP range (1E-20 - 1E20) are stored as overflow ("sehr groß") or underflow ("unbestimmt"). Once a number is stored as that, any follow-up calculation with that number is secured to never reach a valid value again (just like +NaN and -NaN in modern FPUs do).
Some fun-facts:
- The ETH Zürich, the first commercial customer, rented off the machine
to third parties at 1 Swiss Rappen/instruction. - During its whole lifetime at ETH Zürich, the Z4 executed about 100k operations.
- If you want to visit the machine, it's still there in the "Deutsches Museum
München" - Operating frequency in today's measures was about 40Hz
- The machine operated on 32-bit words and registers
answered 1 hour ago
tofro
12.6k32672
add a comment |Â
up vote
1
down vote
up vote
1
down vote
Horst Zuse (Konrad Zuse's son, a computer science professor by trade) has a Homepage where he supplies (and, partially, sells) various pieces of information, booklets and CDs and DVDs about his father's work.
The Z4 had two floating point registers R1 and R2, that were used for calculations. Monadic operations operated on R1 only, Dyadic operations on R1 and R2. Results always went to R1, R2 was deleted.
The "Instruction set" of the Z4 was as follows:
Ablesebefehl A n (e.g. A 17) - reads memory cell 17 into R1 or R2 (R2 if R1 is in use)
Speicherbefehl S n (e.g. S 18) - Stores R1 to memory cell 18- Dyadic operations: + - x / MAJ (Maximum) Min.
- Monadic operations: x^2 SQR(x) 1/x IxI sgn(x) x*½ x*2 x*(-1) x*10 x*3 x*1/3 x*1/5 x*1/7 x*pi x*1/pi.
- Comparison operation with zero, positive, infinite(i.e. NaN) test the number in R1 and return +1 if the condition matches, -1 if not
- The conditional jump (SPR) was a later addition and included on specific request of the Zürich University (ETH), the first commercial customer. It allows to jump forward over code sequences when R1 is +1, the jump will not be executed when R1 is -1. Instructions up to the instruction ST will be skipped if the jump is taken. SPR was normally combined with the comparisons above
- UP (Change punch reader, Unterplan) is something that might look like an I/O operation, but actually is much more. The next instructions after UP are read from the secondary punch tape reader, until a FIN instruction is encountered there (which switches back to the primary reader). As the Z4 didn't have loop or backwards jump instructions, this could be used to program subroutines on the secondary reader, or even loops by glueing the secondary punch tape into a (physical) loop and run it around.
- Output instructions (D, L) transfer register contents into human-readable form and emit them to the "display" (a set of lamps), secondary punch tape (external storage), or typewriter
The Z4 handled, like the Z3, floating point exceptions in a pretty "modern" way. Numbers that exceed the supported FP range (1E-20 - 1E20) are stored as overflow ("sehr groß") or underflow ("unbestimmt"). Once a number is stored as that, any follow-up calculation with that number is secured to never reach a valid value again (just like +NaN and -NaN in modern FPUs do).
Some fun-facts:
- The ETH Zürich, the first commercial customer, rented off the machine
to third parties at 1 Swiss Rappen/instruction. - During its whole lifetime at ETH Zürich, the Z4 executed about 100k operations.
- If you want to visit the machine, it's still there in the "Deutsches Museum
München" - Operating frequency in today's measures was about 40Hz
- The machine operated on 32-bit words and registers
answered 1 hour ago
tofro
12.6k32672
Horst Zuse (Konrad Zuse's son, a computer science professor by trade) has a Homepage where he supplies (and, partially, sells) various pieces of information, booklets and CDs and DVDs about his father's work.
The Z4 had two floating point registers R1 and R2, that were used for calculations. Monadic operations operated on R1 only, Dyadic operations on R1 and R2. Results always went to R1, R2 was deleted.
The "Instruction set" of the Z4 was as follows:
Ablesebefehl A n (e.g. A 17) - reads memory cell 17 into R1 or R2 (R2 if R1 is in use)
Speicherbefehl S n (e.g. S 18) - Stores R1 to memory cell 18- Dyadic operations: + - x / MAJ (Maximum) Min.
- Monadic operations: x^2 SQR(x) 1/x IxI sgn(x) x*½ x*2 x*(-1) x*10 x*3 x*1/3 x*1/5 x*1/7 x*pi x*1/pi.
- Comparison operation with zero, positive, infinite(i.e. NaN) test the number in R1 and return +1 if the condition matches, -1 if not
- The conditional jump (SPR) was a later addition and included on specific request of the Zürich University (ETH), the first commercial customer. It allows to jump forward over code sequences when R1 is +1, the jump will not be executed when R1 is -1. Instructions up to the instruction ST will be skipped if the jump is taken. SPR was normally combined with the comparisons above
- UP (Change punch reader, Unterplan) is something that might look like an I/O operation, but actually is much more. The next instructions after UP are read from the secondary punch tape reader, until a FIN instruction is encountered there (which switches back to the primary reader). As the Z4 didn't have loop or backwards jump instructions, this could be used to program subroutines on the secondary reader, or even loops by glueing the secondary punch tape into a (physical) loop and run it around.
- Output instructions (D, L) transfer register contents into human-readable form and emit them to the "display" (a set of lamps), secondary punch tape (external storage), or typewriter
The Z4 handled, like the Z3, floating point exceptions in a pretty "modern" way. Numbers that exceed the supported FP range (1E-20 - 1E20) are stored as overflow ("sehr groß") or underflow ("unbestimmt"). Once a number is stored as that, any follow-up calculation with that number is secured to never reach a valid value again (just like +NaN and -NaN in modern FPUs do).
Some fun-facts:
- The ETH Zürich, the first commercial customer, rented off the machine
to third parties at 1 Swiss Rappen/instruction. - During its whole lifetime at ETH Zürich, the Z4 executed about 100k operations.
- If you want to visit the machine, it's still there in the "Deutsches Museum
München" - Operating frequency in today's measures was about 40Hz
- The machine operated on 32-bit words and registers
answered 1 hour ago
tofro
12.6k32672
edited 1 hour ago
answered 1 hour ago
tofro
12.6k32672
answered 1 hour ago
tofro
12.6k32672
answered 1 hour ago
tofro
12.6k32672
12.6k32672
add a comment |Â
add a comment |Â
up vote
0
down vote
This page, put online by his son, gives a good overview of the Z4 instruction set - most important, it's in English as well :))
(I know, this is a link only answer, but I'm on the run, more detailed later on)
answered 2 hours ago
Raffzahn
37.3k483149
What ifUpis called from the Unterprogramm?
– Wilson
2 hours ago
It looks like that page has confused "Monadic" and "Dyadic" operations, oder?
– Wilson
2 hours ago
In the list? yes - as monadic is used the right way in the paragraph right before. UP called on reader two will advance it to the next program start and execute there - AFAIR
– Raffzahn
1 hour ago
add a comment |Â
up vote
0
down vote
This page, put online by his son, gives a good overview of the Z4 instruction set - most important, it's in English as well :))
(I know, this is a link only answer, but I'm on the run, more detailed later on)
answered 2 hours ago
Raffzahn
37.3k483149
What ifUpis called from the Unterprogramm?
– Wilson
2 hours ago
It looks like that page has confused "Monadic" and "Dyadic" operations, oder?
– Wilson
2 hours ago
In the list? yes - as monadic is used the right way in the paragraph right before. UP called on reader two will advance it to the next program start and execute there - AFAIR
– Raffzahn
1 hour ago
add a comment |Â
up vote
0
down vote
up vote
0
down vote
This page, put online by his son, gives a good overview of the Z4 instruction set - most important, it's in English as well :))
(I know, this is a link only answer, but I'm on the run, more detailed later on)
answered 2 hours ago
Raffzahn
37.3k483149
This page, put online by his son, gives a good overview of the Z4 instruction set - most important, it's in English as well :))
(I know, this is a link only answer, but I'm on the run, more detailed later on)
answered 2 hours ago
Raffzahn
37.3k483149
answered 2 hours ago
Raffzahn
37.3k483149
answered 2 hours ago
Raffzahn
37.3k483149
answered 2 hours ago
Raffzahn
37.3k483149
37.3k483149
What ifUpis called from the Unterprogramm?
– Wilson
2 hours ago
It looks like that page has confused "Monadic" and "Dyadic" operations, oder?
– Wilson
2 hours ago
In the list? yes - as monadic is used the right way in the paragraph right before. UP called on reader two will advance it to the next program start and execute there - AFAIR
– Raffzahn
1 hour ago
add a comment |Â
What ifUpis called from the Unterprogramm?
– Wilson
2 hours ago
It looks like that page has confused "Monadic" and "Dyadic" operations, oder?
– Wilson
2 hours ago
In the list? yes - as monadic is used the right way in the paragraph right before. UP called on reader two will advance it to the next program start and execute there - AFAIR
– Raffzahn
1 hour ago
What if
Up is called from the Unterprogramm?– Wilson
2 hours ago
What if
Up is called from the Unterprogramm?– Wilson
2 hours ago
It looks like that page has confused "Monadic" and "Dyadic" operations, oder?
– Wilson
2 hours ago
It looks like that page has confused "Monadic" and "Dyadic" operations, oder?
– Wilson
2 hours ago
In the list? yes - as monadic is used the right way in the paragraph right before. UP called on reader two will advance it to the next program start and execute there - AFAIR
– Raffzahn
1 hour ago
In the list? yes - as monadic is used the right way in the paragraph right before. UP called on reader two will advance it to the next program start and execute there - AFAIR
– Raffzahn
1 hour ago
add a comment |Â
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1
Bonus points if you can comment on whether the instructions were the same or different from the other computers built by Konrad Zuse.
– Wilson
2 hours ago