What does the syntax of pipe and ending dash mean? [duplicate]

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This question already has an answer here:



  • pipe to sudo -E bash -

    2 answers



  • What does the “-” in “bash -” mean?

    1 answer



Disclaimer. I'm a long-time Windows user and just starting to get my head around the Linux paradigm. While excited by it, I understand that my formulations might be poorly chosen due to ignorance.



I've received an answer, the contents of which included the following line, which I need help interpreting (after a while of googling I've got a pretty good guess but I'd like to make it more reliable).



curl -sL https://blabla | sudo -E bash -


I understand that we first create a web call to the URL blabla and then (here's the pipe magic popping up) execute a command with admin elevated privileges to open a new terminal window instance.



However, when I try to digest the command, I learn that it's equivalent to the following sequence.



curl --silent --location https://blabla
sudo -E bash -


Question 1: Is that correctly understood?



Further on, I tried to learn what the switches for the second line are and used the statement as follows.



man bash | sed -n '/-E/,+1p'


However, I can't really see what "-E" is shorthand for (is it --empty or is it -- or maybe --err) and get stuck on the interpretation. Also, I can't figure out what the alone dash character does and I'm not sure how to look it up in the manual using the statement above.



Question 2: How do I look up the verbose syntax for the switches?



Question 3: What is the meaning of the dash character without the switch?










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Konrad Viltersten is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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marked as duplicate by muru bash
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This question has been asked before and already has an answer. If those answers do not fully address your question, please ask a new question.










  • 5




    Should be noted that commands which pair curl or any tool which downloads data from web with a shell is very poor practice for security reasons. The downloaded script is passed as raw data to bash stdin, and thus doesn't live on disk, so you have no way of knowing what you may have executed. In fact, this is how exploits are downloaded onto servers. Unlike PowerShell, Unix shells have no execution policy. Best practice is to download script first, examine its contents, maybe compare hashsum, and only if you're sure it's safe - run it.
    – Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
    2 days ago







  • 1




    In the particular answer you reference, it can be assumed safe because it comes from a trusted source and Thomas is one of our esteemed moderators on the site. But this of course doesn't change the fact that overall practice is bad.
    – Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
    2 days ago






  • 1




    A "trusted source" is only trusted insofar as the hosting site, and any proxies in the way, haven't been compromised -- until/unless you actually check a signature on the content itself. There's a reason software packaging systems embed signatures inside the packages themselves, and provide a means of distributing lists of keys trusted to develop them -- so you can trust the package itself, rather than needing to trust the site you downloaded it from.
    – Charles Duffy
    2 days ago










  • ...which is to say that no matter how much we trust the moderator at hand, it's not a good idea to also trust that their ISP hasn't been compromised and had their scripts bulk-modified to add shellcode!
    – Charles Duffy
    2 days ago










  • @CharlesDuffy Completely agree.
    – Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
    2 days ago














up vote
5
down vote

favorite













This question already has an answer here:



  • pipe to sudo -E bash -

    2 answers



  • What does the “-” in “bash -” mean?

    1 answer



Disclaimer. I'm a long-time Windows user and just starting to get my head around the Linux paradigm. While excited by it, I understand that my formulations might be poorly chosen due to ignorance.



I've received an answer, the contents of which included the following line, which I need help interpreting (after a while of googling I've got a pretty good guess but I'd like to make it more reliable).



curl -sL https://blabla | sudo -E bash -


I understand that we first create a web call to the URL blabla and then (here's the pipe magic popping up) execute a command with admin elevated privileges to open a new terminal window instance.



However, when I try to digest the command, I learn that it's equivalent to the following sequence.



curl --silent --location https://blabla
sudo -E bash -


Question 1: Is that correctly understood?



Further on, I tried to learn what the switches for the second line are and used the statement as follows.



man bash | sed -n '/-E/,+1p'


However, I can't really see what "-E" is shorthand for (is it --empty or is it -- or maybe --err) and get stuck on the interpretation. Also, I can't figure out what the alone dash character does and I'm not sure how to look it up in the manual using the statement above.



Question 2: How do I look up the verbose syntax for the switches?



Question 3: What is the meaning of the dash character without the switch?










share|improve this question







New contributor




Konrad Viltersten is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.











marked as duplicate by muru bash
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2 days ago


This question has been asked before and already has an answer. If those answers do not fully address your question, please ask a new question.










  • 5




    Should be noted that commands which pair curl or any tool which downloads data from web with a shell is very poor practice for security reasons. The downloaded script is passed as raw data to bash stdin, and thus doesn't live on disk, so you have no way of knowing what you may have executed. In fact, this is how exploits are downloaded onto servers. Unlike PowerShell, Unix shells have no execution policy. Best practice is to download script first, examine its contents, maybe compare hashsum, and only if you're sure it's safe - run it.
    – Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
    2 days ago







  • 1




    In the particular answer you reference, it can be assumed safe because it comes from a trusted source and Thomas is one of our esteemed moderators on the site. But this of course doesn't change the fact that overall practice is bad.
    – Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
    2 days ago






  • 1




    A "trusted source" is only trusted insofar as the hosting site, and any proxies in the way, haven't been compromised -- until/unless you actually check a signature on the content itself. There's a reason software packaging systems embed signatures inside the packages themselves, and provide a means of distributing lists of keys trusted to develop them -- so you can trust the package itself, rather than needing to trust the site you downloaded it from.
    – Charles Duffy
    2 days ago










  • ...which is to say that no matter how much we trust the moderator at hand, it's not a good idea to also trust that their ISP hasn't been compromised and had their scripts bulk-modified to add shellcode!
    – Charles Duffy
    2 days ago










  • @CharlesDuffy Completely agree.
    – Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
    2 days ago












up vote
5
down vote

favorite









up vote
5
down vote

favorite












This question already has an answer here:



  • pipe to sudo -E bash -

    2 answers



  • What does the “-” in “bash -” mean?

    1 answer



Disclaimer. I'm a long-time Windows user and just starting to get my head around the Linux paradigm. While excited by it, I understand that my formulations might be poorly chosen due to ignorance.



I've received an answer, the contents of which included the following line, which I need help interpreting (after a while of googling I've got a pretty good guess but I'd like to make it more reliable).



curl -sL https://blabla | sudo -E bash -


I understand that we first create a web call to the URL blabla and then (here's the pipe magic popping up) execute a command with admin elevated privileges to open a new terminal window instance.



However, when I try to digest the command, I learn that it's equivalent to the following sequence.



curl --silent --location https://blabla
sudo -E bash -


Question 1: Is that correctly understood?



Further on, I tried to learn what the switches for the second line are and used the statement as follows.



man bash | sed -n '/-E/,+1p'


However, I can't really see what "-E" is shorthand for (is it --empty or is it -- or maybe --err) and get stuck on the interpretation. Also, I can't figure out what the alone dash character does and I'm not sure how to look it up in the manual using the statement above.



Question 2: How do I look up the verbose syntax for the switches?



Question 3: What is the meaning of the dash character without the switch?










share|improve this question







New contributor




Konrad Viltersten is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.












This question already has an answer here:



  • pipe to sudo -E bash -

    2 answers



  • What does the “-” in “bash -” mean?

    1 answer



Disclaimer. I'm a long-time Windows user and just starting to get my head around the Linux paradigm. While excited by it, I understand that my formulations might be poorly chosen due to ignorance.



I've received an answer, the contents of which included the following line, which I need help interpreting (after a while of googling I've got a pretty good guess but I'd like to make it more reliable).



curl -sL https://blabla | sudo -E bash -


I understand that we first create a web call to the URL blabla and then (here's the pipe magic popping up) execute a command with admin elevated privileges to open a new terminal window instance.



However, when I try to digest the command, I learn that it's equivalent to the following sequence.



curl --silent --location https://blabla
sudo -E bash -


Question 1: Is that correctly understood?



Further on, I tried to learn what the switches for the second line are and used the statement as follows.



man bash | sed -n '/-E/,+1p'


However, I can't really see what "-E" is shorthand for (is it --empty or is it -- or maybe --err) and get stuck on the interpretation. Also, I can't figure out what the alone dash character does and I'm not sure how to look it up in the manual using the statement above.



Question 2: How do I look up the verbose syntax for the switches?



Question 3: What is the meaning of the dash character without the switch?





This question already has an answer here:



  • pipe to sudo -E bash -

    2 answers



  • What does the “-” in “bash -” mean?

    1 answer







command-line bash syntax






share|improve this question







New contributor




Konrad Viltersten is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.











share|improve this question







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Check out our Code of Conduct.









share|improve this question




share|improve this question






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asked 2 days ago









Konrad Viltersten

1374




1374




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Check out our Code of Conduct.




marked as duplicate by muru bash
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This question has been asked before and already has an answer. If those answers do not fully address your question, please ask a new question.









  • 5




    Should be noted that commands which pair curl or any tool which downloads data from web with a shell is very poor practice for security reasons. The downloaded script is passed as raw data to bash stdin, and thus doesn't live on disk, so you have no way of knowing what you may have executed. In fact, this is how exploits are downloaded onto servers. Unlike PowerShell, Unix shells have no execution policy. Best practice is to download script first, examine its contents, maybe compare hashsum, and only if you're sure it's safe - run it.
    – Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
    2 days ago







  • 1




    In the particular answer you reference, it can be assumed safe because it comes from a trusted source and Thomas is one of our esteemed moderators on the site. But this of course doesn't change the fact that overall practice is bad.
    – Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
    2 days ago






  • 1




    A "trusted source" is only trusted insofar as the hosting site, and any proxies in the way, haven't been compromised -- until/unless you actually check a signature on the content itself. There's a reason software packaging systems embed signatures inside the packages themselves, and provide a means of distributing lists of keys trusted to develop them -- so you can trust the package itself, rather than needing to trust the site you downloaded it from.
    – Charles Duffy
    2 days ago










  • ...which is to say that no matter how much we trust the moderator at hand, it's not a good idea to also trust that their ISP hasn't been compromised and had their scripts bulk-modified to add shellcode!
    – Charles Duffy
    2 days ago










  • @CharlesDuffy Completely agree.
    – Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
    2 days ago












  • 5




    Should be noted that commands which pair curl or any tool which downloads data from web with a shell is very poor practice for security reasons. The downloaded script is passed as raw data to bash stdin, and thus doesn't live on disk, so you have no way of knowing what you may have executed. In fact, this is how exploits are downloaded onto servers. Unlike PowerShell, Unix shells have no execution policy. Best practice is to download script first, examine its contents, maybe compare hashsum, and only if you're sure it's safe - run it.
    – Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
    2 days ago







  • 1




    In the particular answer you reference, it can be assumed safe because it comes from a trusted source and Thomas is one of our esteemed moderators on the site. But this of course doesn't change the fact that overall practice is bad.
    – Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
    2 days ago






  • 1




    A "trusted source" is only trusted insofar as the hosting site, and any proxies in the way, haven't been compromised -- until/unless you actually check a signature on the content itself. There's a reason software packaging systems embed signatures inside the packages themselves, and provide a means of distributing lists of keys trusted to develop them -- so you can trust the package itself, rather than needing to trust the site you downloaded it from.
    – Charles Duffy
    2 days ago










  • ...which is to say that no matter how much we trust the moderator at hand, it's not a good idea to also trust that their ISP hasn't been compromised and had their scripts bulk-modified to add shellcode!
    – Charles Duffy
    2 days ago










  • @CharlesDuffy Completely agree.
    – Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
    2 days ago







5




5




Should be noted that commands which pair curl or any tool which downloads data from web with a shell is very poor practice for security reasons. The downloaded script is passed as raw data to bash stdin, and thus doesn't live on disk, so you have no way of knowing what you may have executed. In fact, this is how exploits are downloaded onto servers. Unlike PowerShell, Unix shells have no execution policy. Best practice is to download script first, examine its contents, maybe compare hashsum, and only if you're sure it's safe - run it.
– Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
2 days ago





Should be noted that commands which pair curl or any tool which downloads data from web with a shell is very poor practice for security reasons. The downloaded script is passed as raw data to bash stdin, and thus doesn't live on disk, so you have no way of knowing what you may have executed. In fact, this is how exploits are downloaded onto servers. Unlike PowerShell, Unix shells have no execution policy. Best practice is to download script first, examine its contents, maybe compare hashsum, and only if you're sure it's safe - run it.
– Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
2 days ago





1




1




In the particular answer you reference, it can be assumed safe because it comes from a trusted source and Thomas is one of our esteemed moderators on the site. But this of course doesn't change the fact that overall practice is bad.
– Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
2 days ago




In the particular answer you reference, it can be assumed safe because it comes from a trusted source and Thomas is one of our esteemed moderators on the site. But this of course doesn't change the fact that overall practice is bad.
– Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
2 days ago




1




1




A "trusted source" is only trusted insofar as the hosting site, and any proxies in the way, haven't been compromised -- until/unless you actually check a signature on the content itself. There's a reason software packaging systems embed signatures inside the packages themselves, and provide a means of distributing lists of keys trusted to develop them -- so you can trust the package itself, rather than needing to trust the site you downloaded it from.
– Charles Duffy
2 days ago




A "trusted source" is only trusted insofar as the hosting site, and any proxies in the way, haven't been compromised -- until/unless you actually check a signature on the content itself. There's a reason software packaging systems embed signatures inside the packages themselves, and provide a means of distributing lists of keys trusted to develop them -- so you can trust the package itself, rather than needing to trust the site you downloaded it from.
– Charles Duffy
2 days ago












...which is to say that no matter how much we trust the moderator at hand, it's not a good idea to also trust that their ISP hasn't been compromised and had their scripts bulk-modified to add shellcode!
– Charles Duffy
2 days ago




...which is to say that no matter how much we trust the moderator at hand, it's not a good idea to also trust that their ISP hasn't been compromised and had their scripts bulk-modified to add shellcode!
– Charles Duffy
2 days ago












@CharlesDuffy Completely agree.
– Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
2 days ago




@CharlesDuffy Completely agree.
– Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
2 days ago










1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes

















up vote
6
down vote



accepted










The pipe command (|) means take the output of the command on the left and pass it in as input to the command on the right. So, you are almost correct in your understanding of what



curl -sL https://blabla | sudo -E bash -


does. What you are missing is capturing the output of the first command, and passing that into the second command. What you have above needs to be something like the following:



curl --silent --location https://blabla >/tmp/output
sudo -E bash - </tmp/output


The dash (-) at the end of the second command is just telling bash to read in standard in and process it. So,



sudo -E bash - </tmp/output


is equivalent to



sudo -E bash </tmp/output


The "-E" option is actually associated with sudo, not with bash. Running the command:



man sudo


shows that -E preserves the environment.



Hope this helps clarify some things for you.



Good luck with learning linux! :)






share|improve this answer








New contributor




Lewis M is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.

















  • Wheee! Definitely +1 for the clarity. Nice answer.
    – Konrad Viltersten
    2 days ago










  • As a side note, pipe works exactly the same way in a Windows/DOS environment. You can type, for example, dir | find "foo" on the command line to list all files containing foo in the current directory.
    – Selcuk
    2 days ago










  • @Selcuk For DOS/CMD yes, but PowerShell is object-oriented so you're no longer passing stdin, but objects and you'd need Where $_.Name -eq "Foo" on the other side of pipe
    – Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
    2 days ago

















1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes








1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes








up vote
6
down vote



accepted










The pipe command (|) means take the output of the command on the left and pass it in as input to the command on the right. So, you are almost correct in your understanding of what



curl -sL https://blabla | sudo -E bash -


does. What you are missing is capturing the output of the first command, and passing that into the second command. What you have above needs to be something like the following:



curl --silent --location https://blabla >/tmp/output
sudo -E bash - </tmp/output


The dash (-) at the end of the second command is just telling bash to read in standard in and process it. So,



sudo -E bash - </tmp/output


is equivalent to



sudo -E bash </tmp/output


The "-E" option is actually associated with sudo, not with bash. Running the command:



man sudo


shows that -E preserves the environment.



Hope this helps clarify some things for you.



Good luck with learning linux! :)






share|improve this answer








New contributor




Lewis M is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.

















  • Wheee! Definitely +1 for the clarity. Nice answer.
    – Konrad Viltersten
    2 days ago










  • As a side note, pipe works exactly the same way in a Windows/DOS environment. You can type, for example, dir | find "foo" on the command line to list all files containing foo in the current directory.
    – Selcuk
    2 days ago










  • @Selcuk For DOS/CMD yes, but PowerShell is object-oriented so you're no longer passing stdin, but objects and you'd need Where $_.Name -eq "Foo" on the other side of pipe
    – Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
    2 days ago














up vote
6
down vote



accepted










The pipe command (|) means take the output of the command on the left and pass it in as input to the command on the right. So, you are almost correct in your understanding of what



curl -sL https://blabla | sudo -E bash -


does. What you are missing is capturing the output of the first command, and passing that into the second command. What you have above needs to be something like the following:



curl --silent --location https://blabla >/tmp/output
sudo -E bash - </tmp/output


The dash (-) at the end of the second command is just telling bash to read in standard in and process it. So,



sudo -E bash - </tmp/output


is equivalent to



sudo -E bash </tmp/output


The "-E" option is actually associated with sudo, not with bash. Running the command:



man sudo


shows that -E preserves the environment.



Hope this helps clarify some things for you.



Good luck with learning linux! :)






share|improve this answer








New contributor




Lewis M is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.

















  • Wheee! Definitely +1 for the clarity. Nice answer.
    – Konrad Viltersten
    2 days ago










  • As a side note, pipe works exactly the same way in a Windows/DOS environment. You can type, for example, dir | find "foo" on the command line to list all files containing foo in the current directory.
    – Selcuk
    2 days ago










  • @Selcuk For DOS/CMD yes, but PowerShell is object-oriented so you're no longer passing stdin, but objects and you'd need Where $_.Name -eq "Foo" on the other side of pipe
    – Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
    2 days ago












up vote
6
down vote



accepted







up vote
6
down vote



accepted






The pipe command (|) means take the output of the command on the left and pass it in as input to the command on the right. So, you are almost correct in your understanding of what



curl -sL https://blabla | sudo -E bash -


does. What you are missing is capturing the output of the first command, and passing that into the second command. What you have above needs to be something like the following:



curl --silent --location https://blabla >/tmp/output
sudo -E bash - </tmp/output


The dash (-) at the end of the second command is just telling bash to read in standard in and process it. So,



sudo -E bash - </tmp/output


is equivalent to



sudo -E bash </tmp/output


The "-E" option is actually associated with sudo, not with bash. Running the command:



man sudo


shows that -E preserves the environment.



Hope this helps clarify some things for you.



Good luck with learning linux! :)






share|improve this answer








New contributor




Lewis M is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.









The pipe command (|) means take the output of the command on the left and pass it in as input to the command on the right. So, you are almost correct in your understanding of what



curl -sL https://blabla | sudo -E bash -


does. What you are missing is capturing the output of the first command, and passing that into the second command. What you have above needs to be something like the following:



curl --silent --location https://blabla >/tmp/output
sudo -E bash - </tmp/output


The dash (-) at the end of the second command is just telling bash to read in standard in and process it. So,



sudo -E bash - </tmp/output


is equivalent to



sudo -E bash </tmp/output


The "-E" option is actually associated with sudo, not with bash. Running the command:



man sudo


shows that -E preserves the environment.



Hope this helps clarify some things for you.



Good luck with learning linux! :)







share|improve this answer








New contributor




Lewis M is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.









share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer






New contributor




Lewis M is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.









answered 2 days ago









Lewis M

1062




1062




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Lewis M is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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New contributor





Lewis M is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.






Lewis M is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.











  • Wheee! Definitely +1 for the clarity. Nice answer.
    – Konrad Viltersten
    2 days ago










  • As a side note, pipe works exactly the same way in a Windows/DOS environment. You can type, for example, dir | find "foo" on the command line to list all files containing foo in the current directory.
    – Selcuk
    2 days ago










  • @Selcuk For DOS/CMD yes, but PowerShell is object-oriented so you're no longer passing stdin, but objects and you'd need Where $_.Name -eq "Foo" on the other side of pipe
    – Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
    2 days ago
















  • Wheee! Definitely +1 for the clarity. Nice answer.
    – Konrad Viltersten
    2 days ago










  • As a side note, pipe works exactly the same way in a Windows/DOS environment. You can type, for example, dir | find "foo" on the command line to list all files containing foo in the current directory.
    – Selcuk
    2 days ago










  • @Selcuk For DOS/CMD yes, but PowerShell is object-oriented so you're no longer passing stdin, but objects and you'd need Where $_.Name -eq "Foo" on the other side of pipe
    – Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
    2 days ago















Wheee! Definitely +1 for the clarity. Nice answer.
– Konrad Viltersten
2 days ago




Wheee! Definitely +1 for the clarity. Nice answer.
– Konrad Viltersten
2 days ago












As a side note, pipe works exactly the same way in a Windows/DOS environment. You can type, for example, dir | find "foo" on the command line to list all files containing foo in the current directory.
– Selcuk
2 days ago




As a side note, pipe works exactly the same way in a Windows/DOS environment. You can type, for example, dir | find "foo" on the command line to list all files containing foo in the current directory.
– Selcuk
2 days ago












@Selcuk For DOS/CMD yes, but PowerShell is object-oriented so you're no longer passing stdin, but objects and you'd need Where $_.Name -eq "Foo" on the other side of pipe
– Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
2 days ago




@Selcuk For DOS/CMD yes, but PowerShell is object-oriented so you're no longer passing stdin, but objects and you'd need Where $_.Name -eq "Foo" on the other side of pipe
– Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
2 days ago


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