Mixing
What did “actuÄÂlis†actually mean in Latin?
Clash Royale CLAN TAG#URR8PPP
up vote
24
down vote
favorite
The word actual is a false friend between the Spanish and the English languages. When we say in Spanish "la hora actual" we really mean "the current time" and not "the actual time". So in Spanish we use the word actual to speak about things happening in the present time. In English the word actual is used to speak about things that exist in fact or reality, but you can use the word to refer to things that existed in the past, and not only in the present. So there's quite a difference between them.
But when it comes to the etymology for both words, ultimately they both come from Late Latin actuÄÂlis. So just out of curiosity, what was actually (pun intended) the meaning and use of the word actuÄÂlis in Late Latin? Was it closer to the current Spanish meaning or to the English one? Or did it mean something completely different and the current Spanish and English meanings just derived from that?
meaning adiectivum spanish late-latin
edited Sep 3 at 23:13
Community♦
1
asked Sep 3 at 9:15
Charlie
597118
add a comment |Â
up vote
24
down vote
favorite
The word actual is a false friend between the Spanish and the English languages. When we say in Spanish "la hora actual" we really mean "the current time" and not "the actual time". So in Spanish we use the word actual to speak about things happening in the present time. In English the word actual is used to speak about things that exist in fact or reality, but you can use the word to refer to things that existed in the past, and not only in the present. So there's quite a difference between them.
But when it comes to the etymology for both words, ultimately they both come from Late Latin actuÄÂlis. So just out of curiosity, what was actually (pun intended) the meaning and use of the word actuÄÂlis in Late Latin? Was it closer to the current Spanish meaning or to the English one? Or did it mean something completely different and the current Spanish and English meanings just derived from that?
meaning adiectivum spanish late-latin
edited Sep 3 at 23:13
Community♦
1
asked Sep 3 at 9:15
Charlie
597118
add a comment |Â
up vote
24
down vote
favorite
up vote
24
down vote
favorite
The word actual is a false friend between the Spanish and the English languages. When we say in Spanish "la hora actual" we really mean "the current time" and not "the actual time". So in Spanish we use the word actual to speak about things happening in the present time. In English the word actual is used to speak about things that exist in fact or reality, but you can use the word to refer to things that existed in the past, and not only in the present. So there's quite a difference between them.
But when it comes to the etymology for both words, ultimately they both come from Late Latin actuÄÂlis. So just out of curiosity, what was actually (pun intended) the meaning and use of the word actuÄÂlis in Late Latin? Was it closer to the current Spanish meaning or to the English one? Or did it mean something completely different and the current Spanish and English meanings just derived from that?
meaning adiectivum spanish late-latin
edited Sep 3 at 23:13
Community♦
1
asked Sep 3 at 9:15
Charlie
597118
The word actual is a false friend between the Spanish and the English languages. When we say in Spanish "la hora actual" we really mean "the current time" and not "the actual time". So in Spanish we use the word actual to speak about things happening in the present time. In English the word actual is used to speak about things that exist in fact or reality, but you can use the word to refer to things that existed in the past, and not only in the present. So there's quite a difference between them.
But when it comes to the etymology for both words, ultimately they both come from Late Latin actuÄÂlis. So just out of curiosity, what was actually (pun intended) the meaning and use of the word actuÄÂlis in Late Latin? Was it closer to the current Spanish meaning or to the English one? Or did it mean something completely different and the current Spanish and English meanings just derived from that?
meaning adiectivum spanish late-latin
edited Sep 3 at 23:13
Community♦
1
asked Sep 3 at 9:15
Charlie
597118
edited Sep 3 at 23:13
Community♦
1
edited Sep 3 at 23:13
Community♦
1
edited Sep 3 at 23:13
Community♦
1
1
asked Sep 3 at 9:15
Charlie
597118
asked Sep 3 at 9:15
Charlie
597118
asked Sep 3 at 9:15
Charlie
597118
597118
add a comment |Â
add a comment |Â
5 Answers
5
active
oldest
votes
up vote
15
down vote
I'll try to answer my own question, if I may. After a bit of research I discovered that no more than 300 years ago the meaning of Spanish actual was actually the same as English actual, as seen by this definition found in a Spanish dictionary from 1726:
ACTUAL. Lo que real y verdaderamente existe al tiempo que se dice, ò enuncia.
Translated: "what is real and in fact exists at the same time it is said". The dictionary proposes the following citation as an example:
La segunda cosa que se requiere es actuál devolución.
Translated: "The second thing required is an actual repayment". Note that this cannot be translated as "a current repayment" as the sentence speak about something that may (or not) happen in the future. So the use of actual in Spanish three centuries ago was aligned with the current use of actual in English.
The same dictionary also says:
Viene del latino Actualis, que significa esto mismo.
Translated: "It comes from Latin Actualis, with the same meaning".
So my conclussion is that Late Latin actuÄÂlis meant the same as the current English actual, and that the Spanish actual derived to another meaning during the latest 300 years, as stated by fdb's answer.
answered Sep 3 at 12:47
Charlie
597118
6
"I'll try to answer my own question, if I may". You may. In fact, it is encouraged, as it will help others who read this question in future .
– Mawg
Sep 3 at 13:35
3
@Mawg thank you! In fact I knew that, I am a very avid user of the Spanish language stack. I wrote that just because I didn't feel confident enough to write an answer in a stack about a language I don't know much about. :-)
– Charlie
Sep 3 at 13:44
2
If you did the research and are sure that what you found will help others, then of course you should not just post, but also accept, your own answer.
– Mawg
Sep 3 at 14:09
3
@Mawg The stack loves Q&A and don't discriminate authorship. If the knowledge base improved, everyone won. see this meta and straight from the horse's (Jeff's) mouth. And Charlie gets two upvotes!!
– Mindwin
Sep 3 at 14:13
1
That's the same on every other site :-)
– Mawg
Sep 3 at 14:14
 |Â
show 1 more comment
up vote
9
down vote
Per Lewis & Short:
actÃ…ÂÄÂlis , e, adj. id.,
I. active, practical, Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 17.—Adv.: ac-tÃ…ÂÄÂlÄÂter , actively, Myth. Vatic. vol. 3, p. 181 ed. Bod.
So it wasn't particularly close to either the English or the Spanish word actual.
As an aside, the Oxford English Dictionary records usage of actual in English in the sense of (modern) actual in Spanish, claiming that it was originally a Scottish usage and is now rare, but providing such examples as
1525 King James V in Rep. Univ. Comm., St. Andrews (1837) 180. The rector, regentis, and actuall studentis within the said Universite.
To try to bring this back on topic, OED also comments on the etymology (although without specific sources):
post-classical Latin actualis active, practical, exhibited in deeds (5th cent.), real, existing (from 13th cent. in British sources), current, effective at the time (14th cent. in a British source), (of a cautery) performed using a cauterizing agent having the form of a red-hot implement (14th cent.)
suggesting that in late Mediaeval Latin, at least in British sources, it could be used with either the modern English or the modern Spanish meaning.
answered Sep 3 at 16:17
Peter Taylor
30114
I also found this meaning in Latin dictionaries but note that I ask for the meaning of the word in Late Latin. Does this meaning apply to Late Latin or was it used in previous centuries?
– Charlie
Sep 3 at 20:51
Macr. Somn. Scip. refers to Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius' Commentariorum in Somnium Scipionis, which was written sometime around 400 AD, well into the Late Latin period.
– Peter Taylor
Sep 3 at 20:55
add a comment |Â
up vote
8
down vote
In philosophy and theology there is a core distinction between potentiality and actuality. This distinction is originally from Greek philosophy, but can also found in medieval Christian theology (e.g. in Aquinas). The Latin terms are actus et potentia. Actus, in this philosophical position, refers to actual being, in immediate opposition to potentia, which means in potentiality. Potentia made its way into both English and Spanish carring the same meaning.
In other words, within this philosophical and theological tradition, actus (and therefore actualis) was used in its English meaning.
answered Sep 3 at 13:54
luchonacho
3,5603842
This concept is important to understand how "actualis"/"actual" changed its meaning from "active" to the modern ones, but could you expand the linguistic consequences? Do you know how did the "philosophical" meaning replace the "behavioral" (relative to human actions)?
– Pavel V.
Sep 4 at 13:53
2
@PavelV. Are you referring to the English word "action"? Both seem to be different developments from the verb ago. E.g. see actio.
– luchonacho
Sep 4 at 14:08
yes. The other answers suggest that the original meaning of "actualis" was closer to "action" than to "act" as the metaphysical concept, or at least somewhere in between. The modern meaning of "actual" in English or Spanish is clearly derived from "act", so I wonder when did this shift happen.
– Pavel V.
Sep 7 at 7:31
add a comment |Â
up vote
6
down vote
Latin actualis first occurs in Macrobius (5th century AD), who uses it to mean “active, efficientâ€Â. This is also the original meaning of French actuel. The shift of meaning to “present, current†happened in French at a very late date (apparently in the 19th century) and it was borrowed in this meaning from French into other languages such as Spanish and German.
answered Sep 3 at 12:33
fdb
9,42211126
7
I believe you but, could you spare some time to source it?
– Rafael
Sep 3 at 12:37
3
@Rafael. cnrtl.fr/etymologie/actuel or any other etymological dictionary.
– fdb
Sep 3 at 12:39
add a comment |Â
up vote
1
down vote
Online Etymology Dictionary (English) says:
actual (adj.)
early 14c., "pertaining to acts or an action;" late 14c. in the broader sense of "real, existing" (as opposed to potential, ideal, etc.); from Old French actuel "now existing, up to date" (13c.), from Late Latin actualis "active, pertaining to action," adjectival form of Latin actus "a doing" (from PIE root *ag- "to drive, draw out or forth, move").
edited Sep 4 at 8:23
luchonacho
3,5603842
answered Sep 4 at 5:44
serge3ling
111
New contributor
serge3ling is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
add a comment |Â
5 Answers
5
active
oldest
votes
5 Answers
5
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
up vote
15
down vote
I'll try to answer my own question, if I may. After a bit of research I discovered that no more than 300 years ago the meaning of Spanish actual was actually the same as English actual, as seen by this definition found in a Spanish dictionary from 1726:
ACTUAL. Lo que real y verdaderamente existe al tiempo que se dice, ò enuncia.
Translated: "what is real and in fact exists at the same time it is said". The dictionary proposes the following citation as an example:
La segunda cosa que se requiere es actuál devolución.
Translated: "The second thing required is an actual repayment". Note that this cannot be translated as "a current repayment" as the sentence speak about something that may (or not) happen in the future. So the use of actual in Spanish three centuries ago was aligned with the current use of actual in English.
The same dictionary also says:
Viene del latino Actualis, que significa esto mismo.
Translated: "It comes from Latin Actualis, with the same meaning".
So my conclussion is that Late Latin actuÄÂlis meant the same as the current English actual, and that the Spanish actual derived to another meaning during the latest 300 years, as stated by fdb's answer.
answered Sep 3 at 12:47
Charlie
597118
6
"I'll try to answer my own question, if I may". You may. In fact, it is encouraged, as it will help others who read this question in future .
– Mawg
Sep 3 at 13:35
3
@Mawg thank you! In fact I knew that, I am a very avid user of the Spanish language stack. I wrote that just because I didn't feel confident enough to write an answer in a stack about a language I don't know much about. :-)
– Charlie
Sep 3 at 13:44
2
If you did the research and are sure that what you found will help others, then of course you should not just post, but also accept, your own answer.
– Mawg
Sep 3 at 14:09
3
@Mawg The stack loves Q&A and don't discriminate authorship. If the knowledge base improved, everyone won. see this meta and straight from the horse's (Jeff's) mouth. And Charlie gets two upvotes!!
– Mindwin
Sep 3 at 14:13
1
That's the same on every other site :-)
– Mawg
Sep 3 at 14:14
 |Â
show 1 more comment
up vote
15
down vote
I'll try to answer my own question, if I may. After a bit of research I discovered that no more than 300 years ago the meaning of Spanish actual was actually the same as English actual, as seen by this definition found in a Spanish dictionary from 1726:
ACTUAL. Lo que real y verdaderamente existe al tiempo que se dice, ò enuncia.
Translated: "what is real and in fact exists at the same time it is said". The dictionary proposes the following citation as an example:
La segunda cosa que se requiere es actuál devolución.
Translated: "The second thing required is an actual repayment". Note that this cannot be translated as "a current repayment" as the sentence speak about something that may (or not) happen in the future. So the use of actual in Spanish three centuries ago was aligned with the current use of actual in English.
The same dictionary also says:
Viene del latino Actualis, que significa esto mismo.
Translated: "It comes from Latin Actualis, with the same meaning".
So my conclussion is that Late Latin actuÄÂlis meant the same as the current English actual, and that the Spanish actual derived to another meaning during the latest 300 years, as stated by fdb's answer.
answered Sep 3 at 12:47
Charlie
597118
6
"I'll try to answer my own question, if I may". You may. In fact, it is encouraged, as it will help others who read this question in future .
– Mawg
Sep 3 at 13:35
3
@Mawg thank you! In fact I knew that, I am a very avid user of the Spanish language stack. I wrote that just because I didn't feel confident enough to write an answer in a stack about a language I don't know much about. :-)
– Charlie
Sep 3 at 13:44
2
If you did the research and are sure that what you found will help others, then of course you should not just post, but also accept, your own answer.
– Mawg
Sep 3 at 14:09
3
@Mawg The stack loves Q&A and don't discriminate authorship. If the knowledge base improved, everyone won. see this meta and straight from the horse's (Jeff's) mouth. And Charlie gets two upvotes!!
– Mindwin
Sep 3 at 14:13
1
That's the same on every other site :-)
– Mawg
Sep 3 at 14:14
 |Â
show 1 more comment
up vote
15
down vote
up vote
15
down vote
I'll try to answer my own question, if I may. After a bit of research I discovered that no more than 300 years ago the meaning of Spanish actual was actually the same as English actual, as seen by this definition found in a Spanish dictionary from 1726:
ACTUAL. Lo que real y verdaderamente existe al tiempo que se dice, ò enuncia.
Translated: "what is real and in fact exists at the same time it is said". The dictionary proposes the following citation as an example:
La segunda cosa que se requiere es actuál devolución.
Translated: "The second thing required is an actual repayment". Note that this cannot be translated as "a current repayment" as the sentence speak about something that may (or not) happen in the future. So the use of actual in Spanish three centuries ago was aligned with the current use of actual in English.
The same dictionary also says:
Viene del latino Actualis, que significa esto mismo.
Translated: "It comes from Latin Actualis, with the same meaning".
So my conclussion is that Late Latin actuÄÂlis meant the same as the current English actual, and that the Spanish actual derived to another meaning during the latest 300 years, as stated by fdb's answer.
answered Sep 3 at 12:47
Charlie
597118
I'll try to answer my own question, if I may. After a bit of research I discovered that no more than 300 years ago the meaning of Spanish actual was actually the same as English actual, as seen by this definition found in a Spanish dictionary from 1726:
ACTUAL. Lo que real y verdaderamente existe al tiempo que se dice, ò enuncia.
Translated: "what is real and in fact exists at the same time it is said". The dictionary proposes the following citation as an example:
La segunda cosa que se requiere es actuál devolución.
Translated: "The second thing required is an actual repayment". Note that this cannot be translated as "a current repayment" as the sentence speak about something that may (or not) happen in the future. So the use of actual in Spanish three centuries ago was aligned with the current use of actual in English.
The same dictionary also says:
Viene del latino Actualis, que significa esto mismo.
Translated: "It comes from Latin Actualis, with the same meaning".
So my conclussion is that Late Latin actuÄÂlis meant the same as the current English actual, and that the Spanish actual derived to another meaning during the latest 300 years, as stated by fdb's answer.
answered Sep 3 at 12:47
Charlie
597118
edited Sep 3 at 13:09
answered Sep 3 at 12:47
Charlie
597118
answered Sep 3 at 12:47
Charlie
597118
answered Sep 3 at 12:47
Charlie
597118
597118
6
"I'll try to answer my own question, if I may". You may. In fact, it is encouraged, as it will help others who read this question in future .
– Mawg
Sep 3 at 13:35
3
@Mawg thank you! In fact I knew that, I am a very avid user of the Spanish language stack. I wrote that just because I didn't feel confident enough to write an answer in a stack about a language I don't know much about. :-)
– Charlie
Sep 3 at 13:44
2
If you did the research and are sure that what you found will help others, then of course you should not just post, but also accept, your own answer.
– Mawg
Sep 3 at 14:09
3
@Mawg The stack loves Q&A and don't discriminate authorship. If the knowledge base improved, everyone won. see this meta and straight from the horse's (Jeff's) mouth. And Charlie gets two upvotes!!
– Mindwin
Sep 3 at 14:13
1
That's the same on every other site :-)
– Mawg
Sep 3 at 14:14
 |Â
show 1 more comment
6
"I'll try to answer my own question, if I may". You may. In fact, it is encouraged, as it will help others who read this question in future .
– Mawg
Sep 3 at 13:35
3
@Mawg thank you! In fact I knew that, I am a very avid user of the Spanish language stack. I wrote that just because I didn't feel confident enough to write an answer in a stack about a language I don't know much about. :-)
– Charlie
Sep 3 at 13:44
2
If you did the research and are sure that what you found will help others, then of course you should not just post, but also accept, your own answer.
– Mawg
Sep 3 at 14:09
3
@Mawg The stack loves Q&A and don't discriminate authorship. If the knowledge base improved, everyone won. see this meta and straight from the horse's (Jeff's) mouth. And Charlie gets two upvotes!!
– Mindwin
Sep 3 at 14:13
1
That's the same on every other site :-)
– Mawg
Sep 3 at 14:14
6
6
"I'll try to answer my own question, if I may". You may. In fact, it is encouraged, as it will help others who read this question in future .
– Mawg
Sep 3 at 13:35
"I'll try to answer my own question, if I may". You may. In fact, it is encouraged, as it will help others who read this question in future .
– Mawg
Sep 3 at 13:35
3
3
@Mawg thank you! In fact I knew that, I am a very avid user of the Spanish language stack. I wrote that just because I didn't feel confident enough to write an answer in a stack about a language I don't know much about. :-)
– Charlie
Sep 3 at 13:44
@Mawg thank you! In fact I knew that, I am a very avid user of the Spanish language stack. I wrote that just because I didn't feel confident enough to write an answer in a stack about a language I don't know much about. :-)
– Charlie
Sep 3 at 13:44
2
2
If you did the research and are sure that what you found will help others, then of course you should not just post, but also accept, your own answer.
– Mawg
Sep 3 at 14:09
If you did the research and are sure that what you found will help others, then of course you should not just post, but also accept, your own answer.
– Mawg
Sep 3 at 14:09
3
3
@Mawg The stack loves Q&A and don't discriminate authorship. If the knowledge base improved, everyone won. see this meta and straight from the horse's (Jeff's) mouth. And Charlie gets two upvotes!!
– Mindwin
Sep 3 at 14:13
@Mawg The stack loves Q&A and don't discriminate authorship. If the knowledge base improved, everyone won. see this meta and straight from the horse's (Jeff's) mouth. And Charlie gets two upvotes!!
– Mindwin
Sep 3 at 14:13
1
1
That's the same on every other site :-)
– Mawg
Sep 3 at 14:14
That's the same on every other site :-)
– Mawg
Sep 3 at 14:14
 |Â
show 1 more comment
up vote
9
down vote
Per Lewis & Short:
actÃ…ÂÄÂlis , e, adj. id.,
I. active, practical, Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 17.—Adv.: ac-tÃ…ÂÄÂlÄÂter , actively, Myth. Vatic. vol. 3, p. 181 ed. Bod.
So it wasn't particularly close to either the English or the Spanish word actual.
As an aside, the Oxford English Dictionary records usage of actual in English in the sense of (modern) actual in Spanish, claiming that it was originally a Scottish usage and is now rare, but providing such examples as
1525 King James V in Rep. Univ. Comm., St. Andrews (1837) 180. The rector, regentis, and actuall studentis within the said Universite.
To try to bring this back on topic, OED also comments on the etymology (although without specific sources):
post-classical Latin actualis active, practical, exhibited in deeds (5th cent.), real, existing (from 13th cent. in British sources), current, effective at the time (14th cent. in a British source), (of a cautery) performed using a cauterizing agent having the form of a red-hot implement (14th cent.)
suggesting that in late Mediaeval Latin, at least in British sources, it could be used with either the modern English or the modern Spanish meaning.
answered Sep 3 at 16:17
Peter Taylor
30114
I also found this meaning in Latin dictionaries but note that I ask for the meaning of the word in Late Latin. Does this meaning apply to Late Latin or was it used in previous centuries?
– Charlie
Sep 3 at 20:51
Macr. Somn. Scip. refers to Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius' Commentariorum in Somnium Scipionis, which was written sometime around 400 AD, well into the Late Latin period.
– Peter Taylor
Sep 3 at 20:55
add a comment |Â
up vote
9
down vote
Per Lewis & Short:
actÃ…ÂÄÂlis , e, adj. id.,
I. active, practical, Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 17.—Adv.: ac-tÃ…ÂÄÂlÄÂter , actively, Myth. Vatic. vol. 3, p. 181 ed. Bod.
So it wasn't particularly close to either the English or the Spanish word actual.
As an aside, the Oxford English Dictionary records usage of actual in English in the sense of (modern) actual in Spanish, claiming that it was originally a Scottish usage and is now rare, but providing such examples as
1525 King James V in Rep. Univ. Comm., St. Andrews (1837) 180. The rector, regentis, and actuall studentis within the said Universite.
To try to bring this back on topic, OED also comments on the etymology (although without specific sources):
post-classical Latin actualis active, practical, exhibited in deeds (5th cent.), real, existing (from 13th cent. in British sources), current, effective at the time (14th cent. in a British source), (of a cautery) performed using a cauterizing agent having the form of a red-hot implement (14th cent.)
suggesting that in late Mediaeval Latin, at least in British sources, it could be used with either the modern English or the modern Spanish meaning.
answered Sep 3 at 16:17
Peter Taylor
30114
I also found this meaning in Latin dictionaries but note that I ask for the meaning of the word in Late Latin. Does this meaning apply to Late Latin or was it used in previous centuries?
– Charlie
Sep 3 at 20:51
Macr. Somn. Scip. refers to Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius' Commentariorum in Somnium Scipionis, which was written sometime around 400 AD, well into the Late Latin period.
– Peter Taylor
Sep 3 at 20:55
add a comment |Â
up vote
9
down vote
up vote
9
down vote
Per Lewis & Short:
actÃ…ÂÄÂlis , e, adj. id.,
I. active, practical, Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 17.—Adv.: ac-tÃ…ÂÄÂlÄÂter , actively, Myth. Vatic. vol. 3, p. 181 ed. Bod.
So it wasn't particularly close to either the English or the Spanish word actual.
As an aside, the Oxford English Dictionary records usage of actual in English in the sense of (modern) actual in Spanish, claiming that it was originally a Scottish usage and is now rare, but providing such examples as
1525 King James V in Rep. Univ. Comm., St. Andrews (1837) 180. The rector, regentis, and actuall studentis within the said Universite.
To try to bring this back on topic, OED also comments on the etymology (although without specific sources):
post-classical Latin actualis active, practical, exhibited in deeds (5th cent.), real, existing (from 13th cent. in British sources), current, effective at the time (14th cent. in a British source), (of a cautery) performed using a cauterizing agent having the form of a red-hot implement (14th cent.)
suggesting that in late Mediaeval Latin, at least in British sources, it could be used with either the modern English or the modern Spanish meaning.
answered Sep 3 at 16:17
Peter Taylor
30114
Per Lewis & Short:
actÃ…ÂÄÂlis , e, adj. id.,
I. active, practical, Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 17.—Adv.: ac-tÃ…ÂÄÂlÄÂter , actively, Myth. Vatic. vol. 3, p. 181 ed. Bod.
So it wasn't particularly close to either the English or the Spanish word actual.
As an aside, the Oxford English Dictionary records usage of actual in English in the sense of (modern) actual in Spanish, claiming that it was originally a Scottish usage and is now rare, but providing such examples as
1525 King James V in Rep. Univ. Comm., St. Andrews (1837) 180. The rector, regentis, and actuall studentis within the said Universite.
To try to bring this back on topic, OED also comments on the etymology (although without specific sources):
post-classical Latin actualis active, practical, exhibited in deeds (5th cent.), real, existing (from 13th cent. in British sources), current, effective at the time (14th cent. in a British source), (of a cautery) performed using a cauterizing agent having the form of a red-hot implement (14th cent.)
suggesting that in late Mediaeval Latin, at least in British sources, it could be used with either the modern English or the modern Spanish meaning.
answered Sep 3 at 16:17
Peter Taylor
30114
edited Sep 3 at 20:59
answered Sep 3 at 16:17
Peter Taylor
30114
answered Sep 3 at 16:17
Peter Taylor
30114
answered Sep 3 at 16:17
Peter Taylor
30114
30114
I also found this meaning in Latin dictionaries but note that I ask for the meaning of the word in Late Latin. Does this meaning apply to Late Latin or was it used in previous centuries?
– Charlie
Sep 3 at 20:51
Macr. Somn. Scip. refers to Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius' Commentariorum in Somnium Scipionis, which was written sometime around 400 AD, well into the Late Latin period.
– Peter Taylor
Sep 3 at 20:55
add a comment |Â
I also found this meaning in Latin dictionaries but note that I ask for the meaning of the word in Late Latin. Does this meaning apply to Late Latin or was it used in previous centuries?
– Charlie
Sep 3 at 20:51
Macr. Somn. Scip. refers to Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius' Commentariorum in Somnium Scipionis, which was written sometime around 400 AD, well into the Late Latin period.
– Peter Taylor
Sep 3 at 20:55
I also found this meaning in Latin dictionaries but note that I ask for the meaning of the word in Late Latin. Does this meaning apply to Late Latin or was it used in previous centuries?
– Charlie
Sep 3 at 20:51
I also found this meaning in Latin dictionaries but note that I ask for the meaning of the word in Late Latin. Does this meaning apply to Late Latin or was it used in previous centuries?
– Charlie
Sep 3 at 20:51
Macr. Somn. Scip. refers to Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius' Commentariorum in Somnium Scipionis, which was written sometime around 400 AD, well into the Late Latin period.
– Peter Taylor
Sep 3 at 20:55
Macr. Somn. Scip. refers to Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius' Commentariorum in Somnium Scipionis, which was written sometime around 400 AD, well into the Late Latin period.
– Peter Taylor
Sep 3 at 20:55
add a comment |Â
up vote
8
down vote
In philosophy and theology there is a core distinction between potentiality and actuality. This distinction is originally from Greek philosophy, but can also found in medieval Christian theology (e.g. in Aquinas). The Latin terms are actus et potentia. Actus, in this philosophical position, refers to actual being, in immediate opposition to potentia, which means in potentiality. Potentia made its way into both English and Spanish carring the same meaning.
In other words, within this philosophical and theological tradition, actus (and therefore actualis) was used in its English meaning.
answered Sep 3 at 13:54
luchonacho
3,5603842
This concept is important to understand how "actualis"/"actual" changed its meaning from "active" to the modern ones, but could you expand the linguistic consequences? Do you know how did the "philosophical" meaning replace the "behavioral" (relative to human actions)?
– Pavel V.
Sep 4 at 13:53
2
@PavelV. Are you referring to the English word "action"? Both seem to be different developments from the verb ago. E.g. see actio.
– luchonacho
Sep 4 at 14:08
yes. The other answers suggest that the original meaning of "actualis" was closer to "action" than to "act" as the metaphysical concept, or at least somewhere in between. The modern meaning of "actual" in English or Spanish is clearly derived from "act", so I wonder when did this shift happen.
– Pavel V.
Sep 7 at 7:31
add a comment |Â
up vote
8
down vote
In philosophy and theology there is a core distinction between potentiality and actuality. This distinction is originally from Greek philosophy, but can also found in medieval Christian theology (e.g. in Aquinas). The Latin terms are actus et potentia. Actus, in this philosophical position, refers to actual being, in immediate opposition to potentia, which means in potentiality. Potentia made its way into both English and Spanish carring the same meaning.
In other words, within this philosophical and theological tradition, actus (and therefore actualis) was used in its English meaning.
answered Sep 3 at 13:54
luchonacho
3,5603842
This concept is important to understand how "actualis"/"actual" changed its meaning from "active" to the modern ones, but could you expand the linguistic consequences? Do you know how did the "philosophical" meaning replace the "behavioral" (relative to human actions)?
– Pavel V.
Sep 4 at 13:53
2
@PavelV. Are you referring to the English word "action"? Both seem to be different developments from the verb ago. E.g. see actio.
– luchonacho
Sep 4 at 14:08
yes. The other answers suggest that the original meaning of "actualis" was closer to "action" than to "act" as the metaphysical concept, or at least somewhere in between. The modern meaning of "actual" in English or Spanish is clearly derived from "act", so I wonder when did this shift happen.
– Pavel V.
Sep 7 at 7:31
add a comment |Â
up vote
8
down vote
up vote
8
down vote
In philosophy and theology there is a core distinction between potentiality and actuality. This distinction is originally from Greek philosophy, but can also found in medieval Christian theology (e.g. in Aquinas). The Latin terms are actus et potentia. Actus, in this philosophical position, refers to actual being, in immediate opposition to potentia, which means in potentiality. Potentia made its way into both English and Spanish carring the same meaning.
In other words, within this philosophical and theological tradition, actus (and therefore actualis) was used in its English meaning.
answered Sep 3 at 13:54
luchonacho
3,5603842
In philosophy and theology there is a core distinction between potentiality and actuality. This distinction is originally from Greek philosophy, but can also found in medieval Christian theology (e.g. in Aquinas). The Latin terms are actus et potentia. Actus, in this philosophical position, refers to actual being, in immediate opposition to potentia, which means in potentiality. Potentia made its way into both English and Spanish carring the same meaning.
In other words, within this philosophical and theological tradition, actus (and therefore actualis) was used in its English meaning.
answered Sep 3 at 13:54
luchonacho
3,5603842
answered Sep 3 at 13:54
luchonacho
3,5603842
answered Sep 3 at 13:54
luchonacho
3,5603842
answered Sep 3 at 13:54
luchonacho
3,5603842
3,5603842
This concept is important to understand how "actualis"/"actual" changed its meaning from "active" to the modern ones, but could you expand the linguistic consequences? Do you know how did the "philosophical" meaning replace the "behavioral" (relative to human actions)?
– Pavel V.
Sep 4 at 13:53
2
@PavelV. Are you referring to the English word "action"? Both seem to be different developments from the verb ago. E.g. see actio.
– luchonacho
Sep 4 at 14:08
yes. The other answers suggest that the original meaning of "actualis" was closer to "action" than to "act" as the metaphysical concept, or at least somewhere in between. The modern meaning of "actual" in English or Spanish is clearly derived from "act", so I wonder when did this shift happen.
– Pavel V.
Sep 7 at 7:31
add a comment |Â
This concept is important to understand how "actualis"/"actual" changed its meaning from "active" to the modern ones, but could you expand the linguistic consequences? Do you know how did the "philosophical" meaning replace the "behavioral" (relative to human actions)?
– Pavel V.
Sep 4 at 13:53
2
@PavelV. Are you referring to the English word "action"? Both seem to be different developments from the verb ago. E.g. see actio.
– luchonacho
Sep 4 at 14:08
yes. The other answers suggest that the original meaning of "actualis" was closer to "action" than to "act" as the metaphysical concept, or at least somewhere in between. The modern meaning of "actual" in English or Spanish is clearly derived from "act", so I wonder when did this shift happen.
– Pavel V.
Sep 7 at 7:31
This concept is important to understand how "actualis"/"actual" changed its meaning from "active" to the modern ones, but could you expand the linguistic consequences? Do you know how did the "philosophical" meaning replace the "behavioral" (relative to human actions)?
– Pavel V.
Sep 4 at 13:53
This concept is important to understand how "actualis"/"actual" changed its meaning from "active" to the modern ones, but could you expand the linguistic consequences? Do you know how did the "philosophical" meaning replace the "behavioral" (relative to human actions)?
– Pavel V.
Sep 4 at 13:53
2
2
@PavelV. Are you referring to the English word "action"? Both seem to be different developments from the verb ago. E.g. see actio.
– luchonacho
Sep 4 at 14:08
@PavelV. Are you referring to the English word "action"? Both seem to be different developments from the verb ago. E.g. see actio.
– luchonacho
Sep 4 at 14:08
yes. The other answers suggest that the original meaning of "actualis" was closer to "action" than to "act" as the metaphysical concept, or at least somewhere in between. The modern meaning of "actual" in English or Spanish is clearly derived from "act", so I wonder when did this shift happen.
– Pavel V.
Sep 7 at 7:31
yes. The other answers suggest that the original meaning of "actualis" was closer to "action" than to "act" as the metaphysical concept, or at least somewhere in between. The modern meaning of "actual" in English or Spanish is clearly derived from "act", so I wonder when did this shift happen.
– Pavel V.
Sep 7 at 7:31
add a comment |Â
up vote
6
down vote
Latin actualis first occurs in Macrobius (5th century AD), who uses it to mean “active, efficientâ€Â. This is also the original meaning of French actuel. The shift of meaning to “present, current†happened in French at a very late date (apparently in the 19th century) and it was borrowed in this meaning from French into other languages such as Spanish and German.
answered Sep 3 at 12:33
fdb
9,42211126
7
I believe you but, could you spare some time to source it?
– Rafael
Sep 3 at 12:37
3
@Rafael. cnrtl.fr/etymologie/actuel or any other etymological dictionary.
– fdb
Sep 3 at 12:39
add a comment |Â
up vote
6
down vote
Latin actualis first occurs in Macrobius (5th century AD), who uses it to mean “active, efficientâ€Â. This is also the original meaning of French actuel. The shift of meaning to “present, current†happened in French at a very late date (apparently in the 19th century) and it was borrowed in this meaning from French into other languages such as Spanish and German.
answered Sep 3 at 12:33
fdb
9,42211126
7
I believe you but, could you spare some time to source it?
– Rafael
Sep 3 at 12:37
3
@Rafael. cnrtl.fr/etymologie/actuel or any other etymological dictionary.
– fdb
Sep 3 at 12:39
add a comment |Â
up vote
6
down vote
up vote
6
down vote
Latin actualis first occurs in Macrobius (5th century AD), who uses it to mean “active, efficientâ€Â. This is also the original meaning of French actuel. The shift of meaning to “present, current†happened in French at a very late date (apparently in the 19th century) and it was borrowed in this meaning from French into other languages such as Spanish and German.
answered Sep 3 at 12:33
fdb
9,42211126
Latin actualis first occurs in Macrobius (5th century AD), who uses it to mean “active, efficientâ€Â. This is also the original meaning of French actuel. The shift of meaning to “present, current†happened in French at a very late date (apparently in the 19th century) and it was borrowed in this meaning from French into other languages such as Spanish and German.
answered Sep 3 at 12:33
fdb
9,42211126
answered Sep 3 at 12:33
fdb
9,42211126
answered Sep 3 at 12:33
fdb
9,42211126
answered Sep 3 at 12:33
fdb
9,42211126
9,42211126
7
I believe you but, could you spare some time to source it?
– Rafael
Sep 3 at 12:37
3
@Rafael. cnrtl.fr/etymologie/actuel or any other etymological dictionary.
– fdb
Sep 3 at 12:39
add a comment |Â
7
I believe you but, could you spare some time to source it?
– Rafael
Sep 3 at 12:37
3
@Rafael. cnrtl.fr/etymologie/actuel or any other etymological dictionary.
– fdb
Sep 3 at 12:39
7
7
I believe you but, could you spare some time to source it?
– Rafael
Sep 3 at 12:37
I believe you but, could you spare some time to source it?
– Rafael
Sep 3 at 12:37
3
3
@Rafael. cnrtl.fr/etymologie/actuel or any other etymological dictionary.
– fdb
Sep 3 at 12:39
@Rafael. cnrtl.fr/etymologie/actuel or any other etymological dictionary.
– fdb
Sep 3 at 12:39
add a comment |Â
up vote
1
down vote
Online Etymology Dictionary (English) says:
actual (adj.)
early 14c., "pertaining to acts or an action;" late 14c. in the broader sense of "real, existing" (as opposed to potential, ideal, etc.); from Old French actuel "now existing, up to date" (13c.), from Late Latin actualis "active, pertaining to action," adjectival form of Latin actus "a doing" (from PIE root *ag- "to drive, draw out or forth, move").
edited Sep 4 at 8:23
luchonacho
3,5603842
answered Sep 4 at 5:44
serge3ling
111
New contributor
serge3ling is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
add a comment |Â
up vote
1
down vote
Online Etymology Dictionary (English) says:
actual (adj.)
early 14c., "pertaining to acts or an action;" late 14c. in the broader sense of "real, existing" (as opposed to potential, ideal, etc.); from Old French actuel "now existing, up to date" (13c.), from Late Latin actualis "active, pertaining to action," adjectival form of Latin actus "a doing" (from PIE root *ag- "to drive, draw out or forth, move").
edited Sep 4 at 8:23
luchonacho
3,5603842
answered Sep 4 at 5:44
serge3ling
111
New contributor
serge3ling is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
add a comment |Â
up vote
1
down vote
up vote
1
down vote
Online Etymology Dictionary (English) says:
actual (adj.)
early 14c., "pertaining to acts or an action;" late 14c. in the broader sense of "real, existing" (as opposed to potential, ideal, etc.); from Old French actuel "now existing, up to date" (13c.), from Late Latin actualis "active, pertaining to action," adjectival form of Latin actus "a doing" (from PIE root *ag- "to drive, draw out or forth, move").
edited Sep 4 at 8:23
luchonacho
3,5603842
answered Sep 4 at 5:44
serge3ling
111
New contributor
serge3ling is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
Online Etymology Dictionary (English) says:
actual (adj.)
early 14c., "pertaining to acts or an action;" late 14c. in the broader sense of "real, existing" (as opposed to potential, ideal, etc.); from Old French actuel "now existing, up to date" (13c.), from Late Latin actualis "active, pertaining to action," adjectival form of Latin actus "a doing" (from PIE root *ag- "to drive, draw out or forth, move").
edited Sep 4 at 8:23
luchonacho
3,5603842
answered Sep 4 at 5:44
serge3ling
111
New contributor
serge3ling is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
edited Sep 4 at 8:23
luchonacho
3,5603842
edited Sep 4 at 8:23
luchonacho
3,5603842
edited Sep 4 at 8:23
luchonacho
3,5603842
3,5603842
answered Sep 4 at 5:44
serge3ling
111
New contributor
serge3ling is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
answered Sep 4 at 5:44
serge3ling
111
answered Sep 4 at 5:44
serge3ling
111
111
New contributor
serge3ling is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
New contributor
serge3ling is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
serge3ling is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
add a comment |Â
add a comment |Â
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
StackExchange.ready(
function ()
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2flatin.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f7120%2fwhat-did-actu%25c4%2581lis-actually-mean-in-latin%23new-answer', 'question_page');
);
Post as a guest
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
