How can I improve (informal) communication between teams?

The name of the pictureThe name of the pictureThe name of the pictureClash Royale CLAN TAG#URR8PPP





.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty margin-bottom:0;







up vote
11
down vote

favorite
2












I have worked as a software developer in several companies where work was distributed among multiple teams, each working different (though sometimes related) projects.



Because of this, there is usually little communication between the teams, since it is not strictly necessary for day-to-day work. Still, I always felt that more communication would be helpful:



  • to identify common problems

  • to learn from others

  • to better understand the company's business outside your own project

  • ...and just to improve the atmosphere between the teams

How can I go about fostering communication even where it's not strictly necessary for a project? Does it make sense to organize team events (talks, common lunches, ...)? Or is that too formal? What might work?







share|improve this question




























    up vote
    11
    down vote

    favorite
    2












    I have worked as a software developer in several companies where work was distributed among multiple teams, each working different (though sometimes related) projects.



    Because of this, there is usually little communication between the teams, since it is not strictly necessary for day-to-day work. Still, I always felt that more communication would be helpful:



    • to identify common problems

    • to learn from others

    • to better understand the company's business outside your own project

    • ...and just to improve the atmosphere between the teams

    How can I go about fostering communication even where it's not strictly necessary for a project? Does it make sense to organize team events (talks, common lunches, ...)? Or is that too formal? What might work?







    share|improve this question
























      up vote
      11
      down vote

      favorite
      2









      up vote
      11
      down vote

      favorite
      2






      2





      I have worked as a software developer in several companies where work was distributed among multiple teams, each working different (though sometimes related) projects.



      Because of this, there is usually little communication between the teams, since it is not strictly necessary for day-to-day work. Still, I always felt that more communication would be helpful:



      • to identify common problems

      • to learn from others

      • to better understand the company's business outside your own project

      • ...and just to improve the atmosphere between the teams

      How can I go about fostering communication even where it's not strictly necessary for a project? Does it make sense to organize team events (talks, common lunches, ...)? Or is that too formal? What might work?







      share|improve this question














      I have worked as a software developer in several companies where work was distributed among multiple teams, each working different (though sometimes related) projects.



      Because of this, there is usually little communication between the teams, since it is not strictly necessary for day-to-day work. Still, I always felt that more communication would be helpful:



      • to identify common problems

      • to learn from others

      • to better understand the company's business outside your own project

      • ...and just to improve the atmosphere between the teams

      How can I go about fostering communication even where it's not strictly necessary for a project? Does it make sense to organize team events (talks, common lunches, ...)? Or is that too formal? What might work?









      share|improve this question













      share|improve this question




      share|improve this question








      edited Sep 14 '12 at 15:55









      gnat

      3,23273066




      3,23273066










      asked Sep 13 '12 at 9:42









      sleske

      9,79633655




      9,79633655




















          9 Answers
          9






          active

          oldest

          votes

















          up vote
          6
          down vote













          When it comes to technical sharing, I'm a big fan of figuring out first what can be gained and then figuring out a way of encouraging sharing in that direction. For me, at least, just lining up technical people in a common space and hoping sharing occurs has rarely yeilded value. But if I can get a few common causes going, then usually people will get a sense of each other and sharing will occur more naturally and organically at that point.



          Particularly in software, here's some examples of focused knowledge exchange that yeilded good results:



          • External peer review - when the team is having design reviews, code reviews, or test reviews - invite 1 member of an external team. They probably have an out of the box idea or two based on their different perspective. They'll learn a little bit about the product, too, which is always helpful.


          • Lessons learned sharing - if a team does a lessons learned after a big release, invite some members of other teams. You can try to share notes and minutes after the fact, but the real discussion with all the agnst and excitement is really the value - so have other there for that.


          • Big success parties - even if it's just everyone grabbing a quick cup of coffee - invite all members of other teams as a courtesy.


          The first two are tightly tied to a goal, and they usually have a fairly formal structure - that gives the foreign team members a structured way of knowing how to share and what's expected of them. For technical folks, that's usually really helpful, particularly when they don't share a common goal (their project).



          The third is pretty fluffy and you'll probably only get the social folks to participate, but it can be a real morale boost - celebrating withing a team is one thing, but showing others that you had a big success motivating in a different way and it raised the morale of the company, because people find out that good stuff is happening in other places in the company - which is always a plus.



          I am sometimes willing to try less pointed interaction - like technical presentations to the larger group - but I find that when such things aim to be generic enough to be widely useful, they can also be too fluffy to be interesting, unless you have a really good topic and a really good presenter. I don't count that as likely, as what makes a good presenter, vs. a good software developer are usually quite different things.



          The bottom line to keep in mind is to have a certain sense of cost vs. value - when you drag EVERYONE into a meeting, it's a very expensive meeting (meeting time X number of paritcipants). If you instead seed the communication by selected (rotating) invitation to a meeting you'd have anyway - then you may get more bang for the buck - 1 or 2 cross team invitees may represent 70% of the knowledge of the whole team, giving you great value for a small amount of time given by just a few people. Once people realize that there are awesome smart people on other teams, they will tend to seek them out naturally.






          share|improve this answer



























            up vote
            4
            down vote













            Why can't you just make an effort to talk to people in the other groups? It doesn't have to be forced. There will be some who think you're wasting time, so get a feel from your supervisor to make sure you're not doing it too much. Mention the conversations that went well. You never know, your team leader may have been thinking about recruiting that person.



            We're human. We're curious about one another. That takes time and a little effort. The first time you have to make a requrest, you don't want to have to introduce yourself as the 'void' from the other floor.



            Companies need to realize that having positive working relationships with co-workers is a key-factor for employee retention.






            share|improve this answer



























              up vote
              2
              down vote














              Because of this, there is usually little communication between the
              teams, since it is not strictly necessary for day-to-day work.




              Here is the problem. People who are busy (and presumably everyone is busy) are not going to be excited about spending more time doing unnecessary bonding/teambuilding/warm-and-fuzzy types of things. I have yet to meet at technical person who gets excited about those sorts of things.




              How can I go about fostering communication even where it's not strictly necessary for a project?




              You can't. Management seems to have a idealistic sense of "well we want this, therefore our employees will too" - and normally this applies to additional work/time types of things, above and beyond normal job responsibilities.



              If you expect employees to be excited about non-value-add work you need to either:



              • lower expectations on normal employee contributions (ie, if you spend 2 hours a week on this sort of stuff, expect 5% less overall productivity - not add 2 hours a week and expect the same)

              • make it valuable

              The worst thing you can do is schedule "team building" events on top of everything your teams are doing in the hopes people will somehow approach them with a positive attitude and magically come away feeling more connected/empowered.



              So how to make it valuable. bethlakshmi covered a few good things for this - I've got another suggestion. Sponsor "lunch and share" types of things where the company provides lunch/refreshments (basically bribery, in some sense) and find a few people interested in sharing a cool technology/tool they use and have them give a short presentation.




              You may also be able to find some people on all the teams who are in fact interested in this sort of collaboration without management support.






              share|improve this answer




















              • Whoever downvoted, please explain why
                – Elysian Fields♦
                Sep 16 '12 at 1:46






              • 1




                -1: I downvoted this answer because you expressly stated that it's impossible to foster informal communications between two workgroups. That's both patently ridiculous and false. Company culture makes such a difference for company's productivity and efficiency. Many university courses have been taught and many books have been written that included verifiably proven ways to foster informal communicatons and improve a company's culture.
                – Jim G.
                Sep 16 '12 at 3:34

















              up vote
              2
              down vote














              Does it make sense to organize team events (talks, common lunches, ...)?




              Absolutely.



              Here is my guidance:



              • If you're dealing with remote teams, fight for upper management's blessing when arranging group events.
                • Having the two teams meet in the same physical space goes a long way when building bonds of trust. You certainly don't want people viewing "the other team" as an assemblage of faceless names.

                • If necessary, you need to fight for sufficient funding and dedicated time to make this happen.


              • When arranging a group get-together, make sure that at least a portion of it is a scheduled, informal event such as a joint-lunch or dinner.
                • This event is critical, because it's at these events (and these events only) that people can really "let their hair down" and bond with members of the other team.

                • Make attendance compulsory, and make it an immovable event (not subject to change in the event of a corporate emergency).






              share|improve this answer
















              • 1




                I think making attendance compulsory at a "team building" event is a fast way to build resentment, particularly among people who are shy, introverted, and/or really busy.
                – Kelly Tessena Keck
                Sep 20 '12 at 21:03

















              up vote
              2
              down vote













              You had great answers about active sharing, but you can also consider passive sharing. To do that you may consider creating simple posters, mainly to show the schedule of current projects, annotated by encountered problems, and their solutions if it exist. You can also maintain a company social network, it's cheap, and people go there because people love to spy on their colleagues...






              share|improve this answer




















              • "Passive sharing" is a good idea. We do have a company wiki, maybe we could create some space there...
                – sleske
                Sep 16 '12 at 16:24

















              up vote
              2
              down vote













              Several solutions have been proposed that basically say "just talk to each other" but depending on your size/setup, try setting up Diaspora*, an IRC chat room, or forum.



              • The benefit of Diaspora* is that it's very familiar to facebook types, but it's private (so OK in corporate environments)

              • The benefit of a forum is that any question asked there is remembered forever, creating a search-friendly internal knowledge base.

              • The benefit of an IRC chat room is that it's not remembered at all, improving off-the-cuff, real-time group communication.

              All three solutions are very easy to implement. The hard part to any of these is that your co-workers have to want to talk with you as much as you want to chat with them.






              share|improve this answer





























                up vote
                1
                down vote













                Leveraging cross-functional people to help is good too. For instance, as a data person, I work for multiple teams on multiple projects at the same time. If people brag to me about how they solved problem XYZ and later someone mentions they have problem XYZ, I tend to put the two people together. So use those people (data people, systems people, QA testers, tech writers) as people you tell information to. We often see where there are similar challenges on different teams, make it ok for us to talk to you about it.






                share|improve this answer



























                  up vote
                  1
                  down vote













                  I am a consultant and we invite everyone on the blended team to a daily stand up meeting (scrum) as well as a weekly status which generally works pretty well.



                  The main challenge here is that each team has its own set of priorities and it is sometimes difficult to get them to buy into what you are trying to do.



                  You will have to be the one to be proactive and get everyone together.






                  share|improve this answer



























                    up vote
                    0
                    down vote













                    If possible, have folks from the different teams sit next to each other. Don't group offices, desks or cubes by team. It helps to share ideas and information across disciplines and helps to bring gaps and overlaps to light. Keeping the teams that are working on related projects separate creates a mentality of ours vs. theirs.



                    This is assuming you're in the same geographic location. :-)






                    share|improve this answer




















                      Your Answer







                      StackExchange.ready(function()
                      var channelOptions =
                      tags: "".split(" "),
                      id: "423"
                      ;
                      initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

                      StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function()
                      // Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
                      if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled)
                      StackExchange.using("snippets", function()
                      createEditor();
                      );

                      else
                      createEditor();

                      );

                      function createEditor()
                      StackExchange.prepareEditor(
                      heartbeatType: 'answer',
                      convertImagesToLinks: false,
                      noModals: false,
                      showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
                      reputationToPostImages: null,
                      bindNavPrevention: true,
                      postfix: "",
                      noCode: true, onDemand: false,
                      discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
                      ,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
                      );



                      );








                       

                      draft saved


                      draft discarded


















                      StackExchange.ready(
                      function ()
                      StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fworkplace.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f3941%2fhow-can-i-improve-informal-communication-between-teams%23new-answer', 'question_page');

                      );

                      Post as a guest

























                      StackExchange.ready(function ()
                      $("#show-editor-button input, #show-editor-button button").click(function ()
                      var showEditor = function()
                      $("#show-editor-button").hide();
                      $("#post-form").removeClass("dno");
                      StackExchange.editor.finallyInit();
                      ;

                      var useFancy = $(this).data('confirm-use-fancy');
                      if(useFancy == 'True')
                      var popupTitle = $(this).data('confirm-fancy-title');
                      var popupBody = $(this).data('confirm-fancy-body');
                      var popupAccept = $(this).data('confirm-fancy-accept-button');

                      $(this).loadPopup(
                      url: '/post/self-answer-popup',
                      loaded: function(popup)
                      var pTitle = $(popup).find('h2');
                      var pBody = $(popup).find('.popup-body');
                      var pSubmit = $(popup).find('.popup-submit');

                      pTitle.text(popupTitle);
                      pBody.html(popupBody);
                      pSubmit.val(popupAccept).click(showEditor);

                      )
                      else
                      var confirmText = $(this).data('confirm-text');
                      if (confirmText ? confirm(confirmText) : true)
                      showEditor();


                      );
                      );






                      9 Answers
                      9






                      active

                      oldest

                      votes








                      9 Answers
                      9






                      active

                      oldest

                      votes









                      active

                      oldest

                      votes






                      active

                      oldest

                      votes








                      up vote
                      6
                      down vote













                      When it comes to technical sharing, I'm a big fan of figuring out first what can be gained and then figuring out a way of encouraging sharing in that direction. For me, at least, just lining up technical people in a common space and hoping sharing occurs has rarely yeilded value. But if I can get a few common causes going, then usually people will get a sense of each other and sharing will occur more naturally and organically at that point.



                      Particularly in software, here's some examples of focused knowledge exchange that yeilded good results:



                      • External peer review - when the team is having design reviews, code reviews, or test reviews - invite 1 member of an external team. They probably have an out of the box idea or two based on their different perspective. They'll learn a little bit about the product, too, which is always helpful.


                      • Lessons learned sharing - if a team does a lessons learned after a big release, invite some members of other teams. You can try to share notes and minutes after the fact, but the real discussion with all the agnst and excitement is really the value - so have other there for that.


                      • Big success parties - even if it's just everyone grabbing a quick cup of coffee - invite all members of other teams as a courtesy.


                      The first two are tightly tied to a goal, and they usually have a fairly formal structure - that gives the foreign team members a structured way of knowing how to share and what's expected of them. For technical folks, that's usually really helpful, particularly when they don't share a common goal (their project).



                      The third is pretty fluffy and you'll probably only get the social folks to participate, but it can be a real morale boost - celebrating withing a team is one thing, but showing others that you had a big success motivating in a different way and it raised the morale of the company, because people find out that good stuff is happening in other places in the company - which is always a plus.



                      I am sometimes willing to try less pointed interaction - like technical presentations to the larger group - but I find that when such things aim to be generic enough to be widely useful, they can also be too fluffy to be interesting, unless you have a really good topic and a really good presenter. I don't count that as likely, as what makes a good presenter, vs. a good software developer are usually quite different things.



                      The bottom line to keep in mind is to have a certain sense of cost vs. value - when you drag EVERYONE into a meeting, it's a very expensive meeting (meeting time X number of paritcipants). If you instead seed the communication by selected (rotating) invitation to a meeting you'd have anyway - then you may get more bang for the buck - 1 or 2 cross team invitees may represent 70% of the knowledge of the whole team, giving you great value for a small amount of time given by just a few people. Once people realize that there are awesome smart people on other teams, they will tend to seek them out naturally.






                      share|improve this answer
























                        up vote
                        6
                        down vote













                        When it comes to technical sharing, I'm a big fan of figuring out first what can be gained and then figuring out a way of encouraging sharing in that direction. For me, at least, just lining up technical people in a common space and hoping sharing occurs has rarely yeilded value. But if I can get a few common causes going, then usually people will get a sense of each other and sharing will occur more naturally and organically at that point.



                        Particularly in software, here's some examples of focused knowledge exchange that yeilded good results:



                        • External peer review - when the team is having design reviews, code reviews, or test reviews - invite 1 member of an external team. They probably have an out of the box idea or two based on their different perspective. They'll learn a little bit about the product, too, which is always helpful.


                        • Lessons learned sharing - if a team does a lessons learned after a big release, invite some members of other teams. You can try to share notes and minutes after the fact, but the real discussion with all the agnst and excitement is really the value - so have other there for that.


                        • Big success parties - even if it's just everyone grabbing a quick cup of coffee - invite all members of other teams as a courtesy.


                        The first two are tightly tied to a goal, and they usually have a fairly formal structure - that gives the foreign team members a structured way of knowing how to share and what's expected of them. For technical folks, that's usually really helpful, particularly when they don't share a common goal (their project).



                        The third is pretty fluffy and you'll probably only get the social folks to participate, but it can be a real morale boost - celebrating withing a team is one thing, but showing others that you had a big success motivating in a different way and it raised the morale of the company, because people find out that good stuff is happening in other places in the company - which is always a plus.



                        I am sometimes willing to try less pointed interaction - like technical presentations to the larger group - but I find that when such things aim to be generic enough to be widely useful, they can also be too fluffy to be interesting, unless you have a really good topic and a really good presenter. I don't count that as likely, as what makes a good presenter, vs. a good software developer are usually quite different things.



                        The bottom line to keep in mind is to have a certain sense of cost vs. value - when you drag EVERYONE into a meeting, it's a very expensive meeting (meeting time X number of paritcipants). If you instead seed the communication by selected (rotating) invitation to a meeting you'd have anyway - then you may get more bang for the buck - 1 or 2 cross team invitees may represent 70% of the knowledge of the whole team, giving you great value for a small amount of time given by just a few people. Once people realize that there are awesome smart people on other teams, they will tend to seek them out naturally.






                        share|improve this answer






















                          up vote
                          6
                          down vote










                          up vote
                          6
                          down vote









                          When it comes to technical sharing, I'm a big fan of figuring out first what can be gained and then figuring out a way of encouraging sharing in that direction. For me, at least, just lining up technical people in a common space and hoping sharing occurs has rarely yeilded value. But if I can get a few common causes going, then usually people will get a sense of each other and sharing will occur more naturally and organically at that point.



                          Particularly in software, here's some examples of focused knowledge exchange that yeilded good results:



                          • External peer review - when the team is having design reviews, code reviews, or test reviews - invite 1 member of an external team. They probably have an out of the box idea or two based on their different perspective. They'll learn a little bit about the product, too, which is always helpful.


                          • Lessons learned sharing - if a team does a lessons learned after a big release, invite some members of other teams. You can try to share notes and minutes after the fact, but the real discussion with all the agnst and excitement is really the value - so have other there for that.


                          • Big success parties - even if it's just everyone grabbing a quick cup of coffee - invite all members of other teams as a courtesy.


                          The first two are tightly tied to a goal, and they usually have a fairly formal structure - that gives the foreign team members a structured way of knowing how to share and what's expected of them. For technical folks, that's usually really helpful, particularly when they don't share a common goal (their project).



                          The third is pretty fluffy and you'll probably only get the social folks to participate, but it can be a real morale boost - celebrating withing a team is one thing, but showing others that you had a big success motivating in a different way and it raised the morale of the company, because people find out that good stuff is happening in other places in the company - which is always a plus.



                          I am sometimes willing to try less pointed interaction - like technical presentations to the larger group - but I find that when such things aim to be generic enough to be widely useful, they can also be too fluffy to be interesting, unless you have a really good topic and a really good presenter. I don't count that as likely, as what makes a good presenter, vs. a good software developer are usually quite different things.



                          The bottom line to keep in mind is to have a certain sense of cost vs. value - when you drag EVERYONE into a meeting, it's a very expensive meeting (meeting time X number of paritcipants). If you instead seed the communication by selected (rotating) invitation to a meeting you'd have anyway - then you may get more bang for the buck - 1 or 2 cross team invitees may represent 70% of the knowledge of the whole team, giving you great value for a small amount of time given by just a few people. Once people realize that there are awesome smart people on other teams, they will tend to seek them out naturally.






                          share|improve this answer












                          When it comes to technical sharing, I'm a big fan of figuring out first what can be gained and then figuring out a way of encouraging sharing in that direction. For me, at least, just lining up technical people in a common space and hoping sharing occurs has rarely yeilded value. But if I can get a few common causes going, then usually people will get a sense of each other and sharing will occur more naturally and organically at that point.



                          Particularly in software, here's some examples of focused knowledge exchange that yeilded good results:



                          • External peer review - when the team is having design reviews, code reviews, or test reviews - invite 1 member of an external team. They probably have an out of the box idea or two based on their different perspective. They'll learn a little bit about the product, too, which is always helpful.


                          • Lessons learned sharing - if a team does a lessons learned after a big release, invite some members of other teams. You can try to share notes and minutes after the fact, but the real discussion with all the agnst and excitement is really the value - so have other there for that.


                          • Big success parties - even if it's just everyone grabbing a quick cup of coffee - invite all members of other teams as a courtesy.


                          The first two are tightly tied to a goal, and they usually have a fairly formal structure - that gives the foreign team members a structured way of knowing how to share and what's expected of them. For technical folks, that's usually really helpful, particularly when they don't share a common goal (their project).



                          The third is pretty fluffy and you'll probably only get the social folks to participate, but it can be a real morale boost - celebrating withing a team is one thing, but showing others that you had a big success motivating in a different way and it raised the morale of the company, because people find out that good stuff is happening in other places in the company - which is always a plus.



                          I am sometimes willing to try less pointed interaction - like technical presentations to the larger group - but I find that when such things aim to be generic enough to be widely useful, they can also be too fluffy to be interesting, unless you have a really good topic and a really good presenter. I don't count that as likely, as what makes a good presenter, vs. a good software developer are usually quite different things.



                          The bottom line to keep in mind is to have a certain sense of cost vs. value - when you drag EVERYONE into a meeting, it's a very expensive meeting (meeting time X number of paritcipants). If you instead seed the communication by selected (rotating) invitation to a meeting you'd have anyway - then you may get more bang for the buck - 1 or 2 cross team invitees may represent 70% of the knowledge of the whole team, giving you great value for a small amount of time given by just a few people. Once people realize that there are awesome smart people on other teams, they will tend to seek them out naturally.







                          share|improve this answer












                          share|improve this answer



                          share|improve this answer










                          answered Sep 13 '12 at 14:57









                          bethlakshmi

                          70.4k4136277




                          70.4k4136277






















                              up vote
                              4
                              down vote













                              Why can't you just make an effort to talk to people in the other groups? It doesn't have to be forced. There will be some who think you're wasting time, so get a feel from your supervisor to make sure you're not doing it too much. Mention the conversations that went well. You never know, your team leader may have been thinking about recruiting that person.



                              We're human. We're curious about one another. That takes time and a little effort. The first time you have to make a requrest, you don't want to have to introduce yourself as the 'void' from the other floor.



                              Companies need to realize that having positive working relationships with co-workers is a key-factor for employee retention.






                              share|improve this answer
























                                up vote
                                4
                                down vote













                                Why can't you just make an effort to talk to people in the other groups? It doesn't have to be forced. There will be some who think you're wasting time, so get a feel from your supervisor to make sure you're not doing it too much. Mention the conversations that went well. You never know, your team leader may have been thinking about recruiting that person.



                                We're human. We're curious about one another. That takes time and a little effort. The first time you have to make a requrest, you don't want to have to introduce yourself as the 'void' from the other floor.



                                Companies need to realize that having positive working relationships with co-workers is a key-factor for employee retention.






                                share|improve this answer






















                                  up vote
                                  4
                                  down vote










                                  up vote
                                  4
                                  down vote









                                  Why can't you just make an effort to talk to people in the other groups? It doesn't have to be forced. There will be some who think you're wasting time, so get a feel from your supervisor to make sure you're not doing it too much. Mention the conversations that went well. You never know, your team leader may have been thinking about recruiting that person.



                                  We're human. We're curious about one another. That takes time and a little effort. The first time you have to make a requrest, you don't want to have to introduce yourself as the 'void' from the other floor.



                                  Companies need to realize that having positive working relationships with co-workers is a key-factor for employee retention.






                                  share|improve this answer












                                  Why can't you just make an effort to talk to people in the other groups? It doesn't have to be forced. There will be some who think you're wasting time, so get a feel from your supervisor to make sure you're not doing it too much. Mention the conversations that went well. You never know, your team leader may have been thinking about recruiting that person.



                                  We're human. We're curious about one another. That takes time and a little effort. The first time you have to make a requrest, you don't want to have to introduce yourself as the 'void' from the other floor.



                                  Companies need to realize that having positive working relationships with co-workers is a key-factor for employee retention.







                                  share|improve this answer












                                  share|improve this answer



                                  share|improve this answer










                                  answered Sep 13 '12 at 13:06







                                  user8365



























                                      up vote
                                      2
                                      down vote














                                      Because of this, there is usually little communication between the
                                      teams, since it is not strictly necessary for day-to-day work.




                                      Here is the problem. People who are busy (and presumably everyone is busy) are not going to be excited about spending more time doing unnecessary bonding/teambuilding/warm-and-fuzzy types of things. I have yet to meet at technical person who gets excited about those sorts of things.




                                      How can I go about fostering communication even where it's not strictly necessary for a project?




                                      You can't. Management seems to have a idealistic sense of "well we want this, therefore our employees will too" - and normally this applies to additional work/time types of things, above and beyond normal job responsibilities.



                                      If you expect employees to be excited about non-value-add work you need to either:



                                      • lower expectations on normal employee contributions (ie, if you spend 2 hours a week on this sort of stuff, expect 5% less overall productivity - not add 2 hours a week and expect the same)

                                      • make it valuable

                                      The worst thing you can do is schedule "team building" events on top of everything your teams are doing in the hopes people will somehow approach them with a positive attitude and magically come away feeling more connected/empowered.



                                      So how to make it valuable. bethlakshmi covered a few good things for this - I've got another suggestion. Sponsor "lunch and share" types of things where the company provides lunch/refreshments (basically bribery, in some sense) and find a few people interested in sharing a cool technology/tool they use and have them give a short presentation.




                                      You may also be able to find some people on all the teams who are in fact interested in this sort of collaboration without management support.






                                      share|improve this answer




















                                      • Whoever downvoted, please explain why
                                        – Elysian Fields♦
                                        Sep 16 '12 at 1:46






                                      • 1




                                        -1: I downvoted this answer because you expressly stated that it's impossible to foster informal communications between two workgroups. That's both patently ridiculous and false. Company culture makes such a difference for company's productivity and efficiency. Many university courses have been taught and many books have been written that included verifiably proven ways to foster informal communicatons and improve a company's culture.
                                        – Jim G.
                                        Sep 16 '12 at 3:34














                                      up vote
                                      2
                                      down vote














                                      Because of this, there is usually little communication between the
                                      teams, since it is not strictly necessary for day-to-day work.




                                      Here is the problem. People who are busy (and presumably everyone is busy) are not going to be excited about spending more time doing unnecessary bonding/teambuilding/warm-and-fuzzy types of things. I have yet to meet at technical person who gets excited about those sorts of things.




                                      How can I go about fostering communication even where it's not strictly necessary for a project?




                                      You can't. Management seems to have a idealistic sense of "well we want this, therefore our employees will too" - and normally this applies to additional work/time types of things, above and beyond normal job responsibilities.



                                      If you expect employees to be excited about non-value-add work you need to either:



                                      • lower expectations on normal employee contributions (ie, if you spend 2 hours a week on this sort of stuff, expect 5% less overall productivity - not add 2 hours a week and expect the same)

                                      • make it valuable

                                      The worst thing you can do is schedule "team building" events on top of everything your teams are doing in the hopes people will somehow approach them with a positive attitude and magically come away feeling more connected/empowered.



                                      So how to make it valuable. bethlakshmi covered a few good things for this - I've got another suggestion. Sponsor "lunch and share" types of things where the company provides lunch/refreshments (basically bribery, in some sense) and find a few people interested in sharing a cool technology/tool they use and have them give a short presentation.




                                      You may also be able to find some people on all the teams who are in fact interested in this sort of collaboration without management support.






                                      share|improve this answer




















                                      • Whoever downvoted, please explain why
                                        – Elysian Fields♦
                                        Sep 16 '12 at 1:46






                                      • 1




                                        -1: I downvoted this answer because you expressly stated that it's impossible to foster informal communications between two workgroups. That's both patently ridiculous and false. Company culture makes such a difference for company's productivity and efficiency. Many university courses have been taught and many books have been written that included verifiably proven ways to foster informal communicatons and improve a company's culture.
                                        – Jim G.
                                        Sep 16 '12 at 3:34












                                      up vote
                                      2
                                      down vote










                                      up vote
                                      2
                                      down vote










                                      Because of this, there is usually little communication between the
                                      teams, since it is not strictly necessary for day-to-day work.




                                      Here is the problem. People who are busy (and presumably everyone is busy) are not going to be excited about spending more time doing unnecessary bonding/teambuilding/warm-and-fuzzy types of things. I have yet to meet at technical person who gets excited about those sorts of things.




                                      How can I go about fostering communication even where it's not strictly necessary for a project?




                                      You can't. Management seems to have a idealistic sense of "well we want this, therefore our employees will too" - and normally this applies to additional work/time types of things, above and beyond normal job responsibilities.



                                      If you expect employees to be excited about non-value-add work you need to either:



                                      • lower expectations on normal employee contributions (ie, if you spend 2 hours a week on this sort of stuff, expect 5% less overall productivity - not add 2 hours a week and expect the same)

                                      • make it valuable

                                      The worst thing you can do is schedule "team building" events on top of everything your teams are doing in the hopes people will somehow approach them with a positive attitude and magically come away feeling more connected/empowered.



                                      So how to make it valuable. bethlakshmi covered a few good things for this - I've got another suggestion. Sponsor "lunch and share" types of things where the company provides lunch/refreshments (basically bribery, in some sense) and find a few people interested in sharing a cool technology/tool they use and have them give a short presentation.




                                      You may also be able to find some people on all the teams who are in fact interested in this sort of collaboration without management support.






                                      share|improve this answer













                                      Because of this, there is usually little communication between the
                                      teams, since it is not strictly necessary for day-to-day work.




                                      Here is the problem. People who are busy (and presumably everyone is busy) are not going to be excited about spending more time doing unnecessary bonding/teambuilding/warm-and-fuzzy types of things. I have yet to meet at technical person who gets excited about those sorts of things.




                                      How can I go about fostering communication even where it's not strictly necessary for a project?




                                      You can't. Management seems to have a idealistic sense of "well we want this, therefore our employees will too" - and normally this applies to additional work/time types of things, above and beyond normal job responsibilities.



                                      If you expect employees to be excited about non-value-add work you need to either:



                                      • lower expectations on normal employee contributions (ie, if you spend 2 hours a week on this sort of stuff, expect 5% less overall productivity - not add 2 hours a week and expect the same)

                                      • make it valuable

                                      The worst thing you can do is schedule "team building" events on top of everything your teams are doing in the hopes people will somehow approach them with a positive attitude and magically come away feeling more connected/empowered.



                                      So how to make it valuable. bethlakshmi covered a few good things for this - I've got another suggestion. Sponsor "lunch and share" types of things where the company provides lunch/refreshments (basically bribery, in some sense) and find a few people interested in sharing a cool technology/tool they use and have them give a short presentation.




                                      You may also be able to find some people on all the teams who are in fact interested in this sort of collaboration without management support.







                                      share|improve this answer












                                      share|improve this answer



                                      share|improve this answer










                                      answered Sep 14 '12 at 14:21









                                      Elysian Fields♦

                                      96.9k46292449




                                      96.9k46292449











                                      • Whoever downvoted, please explain why
                                        – Elysian Fields♦
                                        Sep 16 '12 at 1:46






                                      • 1




                                        -1: I downvoted this answer because you expressly stated that it's impossible to foster informal communications between two workgroups. That's both patently ridiculous and false. Company culture makes such a difference for company's productivity and efficiency. Many university courses have been taught and many books have been written that included verifiably proven ways to foster informal communicatons and improve a company's culture.
                                        – Jim G.
                                        Sep 16 '12 at 3:34
















                                      • Whoever downvoted, please explain why
                                        – Elysian Fields♦
                                        Sep 16 '12 at 1:46






                                      • 1




                                        -1: I downvoted this answer because you expressly stated that it's impossible to foster informal communications between two workgroups. That's both patently ridiculous and false. Company culture makes such a difference for company's productivity and efficiency. Many university courses have been taught and many books have been written that included verifiably proven ways to foster informal communicatons and improve a company's culture.
                                        – Jim G.
                                        Sep 16 '12 at 3:34















                                      Whoever downvoted, please explain why
                                      – Elysian Fields♦
                                      Sep 16 '12 at 1:46




                                      Whoever downvoted, please explain why
                                      – Elysian Fields♦
                                      Sep 16 '12 at 1:46




                                      1




                                      1




                                      -1: I downvoted this answer because you expressly stated that it's impossible to foster informal communications between two workgroups. That's both patently ridiculous and false. Company culture makes such a difference for company's productivity and efficiency. Many university courses have been taught and many books have been written that included verifiably proven ways to foster informal communicatons and improve a company's culture.
                                      – Jim G.
                                      Sep 16 '12 at 3:34




                                      -1: I downvoted this answer because you expressly stated that it's impossible to foster informal communications between two workgroups. That's both patently ridiculous and false. Company culture makes such a difference for company's productivity and efficiency. Many university courses have been taught and many books have been written that included verifiably proven ways to foster informal communicatons and improve a company's culture.
                                      – Jim G.
                                      Sep 16 '12 at 3:34










                                      up vote
                                      2
                                      down vote














                                      Does it make sense to organize team events (talks, common lunches, ...)?




                                      Absolutely.



                                      Here is my guidance:



                                      • If you're dealing with remote teams, fight for upper management's blessing when arranging group events.
                                        • Having the two teams meet in the same physical space goes a long way when building bonds of trust. You certainly don't want people viewing "the other team" as an assemblage of faceless names.

                                        • If necessary, you need to fight for sufficient funding and dedicated time to make this happen.


                                      • When arranging a group get-together, make sure that at least a portion of it is a scheduled, informal event such as a joint-lunch or dinner.
                                        • This event is critical, because it's at these events (and these events only) that people can really "let their hair down" and bond with members of the other team.

                                        • Make attendance compulsory, and make it an immovable event (not subject to change in the event of a corporate emergency).






                                      share|improve this answer
















                                      • 1




                                        I think making attendance compulsory at a "team building" event is a fast way to build resentment, particularly among people who are shy, introverted, and/or really busy.
                                        – Kelly Tessena Keck
                                        Sep 20 '12 at 21:03














                                      up vote
                                      2
                                      down vote














                                      Does it make sense to organize team events (talks, common lunches, ...)?




                                      Absolutely.



                                      Here is my guidance:



                                      • If you're dealing with remote teams, fight for upper management's blessing when arranging group events.
                                        • Having the two teams meet in the same physical space goes a long way when building bonds of trust. You certainly don't want people viewing "the other team" as an assemblage of faceless names.

                                        • If necessary, you need to fight for sufficient funding and dedicated time to make this happen.


                                      • When arranging a group get-together, make sure that at least a portion of it is a scheduled, informal event such as a joint-lunch or dinner.
                                        • This event is critical, because it's at these events (and these events only) that people can really "let their hair down" and bond with members of the other team.

                                        • Make attendance compulsory, and make it an immovable event (not subject to change in the event of a corporate emergency).






                                      share|improve this answer
















                                      • 1




                                        I think making attendance compulsory at a "team building" event is a fast way to build resentment, particularly among people who are shy, introverted, and/or really busy.
                                        – Kelly Tessena Keck
                                        Sep 20 '12 at 21:03












                                      up vote
                                      2
                                      down vote










                                      up vote
                                      2
                                      down vote










                                      Does it make sense to organize team events (talks, common lunches, ...)?




                                      Absolutely.



                                      Here is my guidance:



                                      • If you're dealing with remote teams, fight for upper management's blessing when arranging group events.
                                        • Having the two teams meet in the same physical space goes a long way when building bonds of trust. You certainly don't want people viewing "the other team" as an assemblage of faceless names.

                                        • If necessary, you need to fight for sufficient funding and dedicated time to make this happen.


                                      • When arranging a group get-together, make sure that at least a portion of it is a scheduled, informal event such as a joint-lunch or dinner.
                                        • This event is critical, because it's at these events (and these events only) that people can really "let their hair down" and bond with members of the other team.

                                        • Make attendance compulsory, and make it an immovable event (not subject to change in the event of a corporate emergency).






                                      share|improve this answer













                                      Does it make sense to organize team events (talks, common lunches, ...)?




                                      Absolutely.



                                      Here is my guidance:



                                      • If you're dealing with remote teams, fight for upper management's blessing when arranging group events.
                                        • Having the two teams meet in the same physical space goes a long way when building bonds of trust. You certainly don't want people viewing "the other team" as an assemblage of faceless names.

                                        • If necessary, you need to fight for sufficient funding and dedicated time to make this happen.


                                      • When arranging a group get-together, make sure that at least a portion of it is a scheduled, informal event such as a joint-lunch or dinner.
                                        • This event is critical, because it's at these events (and these events only) that people can really "let their hair down" and bond with members of the other team.

                                        • Make attendance compulsory, and make it an immovable event (not subject to change in the event of a corporate emergency).







                                      share|improve this answer












                                      share|improve this answer



                                      share|improve this answer










                                      answered Sep 16 '12 at 1:50









                                      Jim G.

                                      11.8k105373




                                      11.8k105373







                                      • 1




                                        I think making attendance compulsory at a "team building" event is a fast way to build resentment, particularly among people who are shy, introverted, and/or really busy.
                                        – Kelly Tessena Keck
                                        Sep 20 '12 at 21:03












                                      • 1




                                        I think making attendance compulsory at a "team building" event is a fast way to build resentment, particularly among people who are shy, introverted, and/or really busy.
                                        – Kelly Tessena Keck
                                        Sep 20 '12 at 21:03







                                      1




                                      1




                                      I think making attendance compulsory at a "team building" event is a fast way to build resentment, particularly among people who are shy, introverted, and/or really busy.
                                      – Kelly Tessena Keck
                                      Sep 20 '12 at 21:03




                                      I think making attendance compulsory at a "team building" event is a fast way to build resentment, particularly among people who are shy, introverted, and/or really busy.
                                      – Kelly Tessena Keck
                                      Sep 20 '12 at 21:03










                                      up vote
                                      2
                                      down vote













                                      You had great answers about active sharing, but you can also consider passive sharing. To do that you may consider creating simple posters, mainly to show the schedule of current projects, annotated by encountered problems, and their solutions if it exist. You can also maintain a company social network, it's cheap, and people go there because people love to spy on their colleagues...






                                      share|improve this answer




















                                      • "Passive sharing" is a good idea. We do have a company wiki, maybe we could create some space there...
                                        – sleske
                                        Sep 16 '12 at 16:24














                                      up vote
                                      2
                                      down vote













                                      You had great answers about active sharing, but you can also consider passive sharing. To do that you may consider creating simple posters, mainly to show the schedule of current projects, annotated by encountered problems, and their solutions if it exist. You can also maintain a company social network, it's cheap, and people go there because people love to spy on their colleagues...






                                      share|improve this answer




















                                      • "Passive sharing" is a good idea. We do have a company wiki, maybe we could create some space there...
                                        – sleske
                                        Sep 16 '12 at 16:24












                                      up vote
                                      2
                                      down vote










                                      up vote
                                      2
                                      down vote









                                      You had great answers about active sharing, but you can also consider passive sharing. To do that you may consider creating simple posters, mainly to show the schedule of current projects, annotated by encountered problems, and their solutions if it exist. You can also maintain a company social network, it's cheap, and people go there because people love to spy on their colleagues...






                                      share|improve this answer












                                      You had great answers about active sharing, but you can also consider passive sharing. To do that you may consider creating simple posters, mainly to show the schedule of current projects, annotated by encountered problems, and their solutions if it exist. You can also maintain a company social network, it's cheap, and people go there because people love to spy on their colleagues...







                                      share|improve this answer












                                      share|improve this answer



                                      share|improve this answer










                                      answered Sep 16 '12 at 16:14









                                      Sylvain Peyronnet

                                      870612




                                      870612











                                      • "Passive sharing" is a good idea. We do have a company wiki, maybe we could create some space there...
                                        – sleske
                                        Sep 16 '12 at 16:24
















                                      • "Passive sharing" is a good idea. We do have a company wiki, maybe we could create some space there...
                                        – sleske
                                        Sep 16 '12 at 16:24















                                      "Passive sharing" is a good idea. We do have a company wiki, maybe we could create some space there...
                                      – sleske
                                      Sep 16 '12 at 16:24




                                      "Passive sharing" is a good idea. We do have a company wiki, maybe we could create some space there...
                                      – sleske
                                      Sep 16 '12 at 16:24










                                      up vote
                                      2
                                      down vote













                                      Several solutions have been proposed that basically say "just talk to each other" but depending on your size/setup, try setting up Diaspora*, an IRC chat room, or forum.



                                      • The benefit of Diaspora* is that it's very familiar to facebook types, but it's private (so OK in corporate environments)

                                      • The benefit of a forum is that any question asked there is remembered forever, creating a search-friendly internal knowledge base.

                                      • The benefit of an IRC chat room is that it's not remembered at all, improving off-the-cuff, real-time group communication.

                                      All three solutions are very easy to implement. The hard part to any of these is that your co-workers have to want to talk with you as much as you want to chat with them.






                                      share|improve this answer


























                                        up vote
                                        2
                                        down vote













                                        Several solutions have been proposed that basically say "just talk to each other" but depending on your size/setup, try setting up Diaspora*, an IRC chat room, or forum.



                                        • The benefit of Diaspora* is that it's very familiar to facebook types, but it's private (so OK in corporate environments)

                                        • The benefit of a forum is that any question asked there is remembered forever, creating a search-friendly internal knowledge base.

                                        • The benefit of an IRC chat room is that it's not remembered at all, improving off-the-cuff, real-time group communication.

                                        All three solutions are very easy to implement. The hard part to any of these is that your co-workers have to want to talk with you as much as you want to chat with them.






                                        share|improve this answer
























                                          up vote
                                          2
                                          down vote










                                          up vote
                                          2
                                          down vote









                                          Several solutions have been proposed that basically say "just talk to each other" but depending on your size/setup, try setting up Diaspora*, an IRC chat room, or forum.



                                          • The benefit of Diaspora* is that it's very familiar to facebook types, but it's private (so OK in corporate environments)

                                          • The benefit of a forum is that any question asked there is remembered forever, creating a search-friendly internal knowledge base.

                                          • The benefit of an IRC chat room is that it's not remembered at all, improving off-the-cuff, real-time group communication.

                                          All three solutions are very easy to implement. The hard part to any of these is that your co-workers have to want to talk with you as much as you want to chat with them.






                                          share|improve this answer














                                          Several solutions have been proposed that basically say "just talk to each other" but depending on your size/setup, try setting up Diaspora*, an IRC chat room, or forum.



                                          • The benefit of Diaspora* is that it's very familiar to facebook types, but it's private (so OK in corporate environments)

                                          • The benefit of a forum is that any question asked there is remembered forever, creating a search-friendly internal knowledge base.

                                          • The benefit of an IRC chat room is that it's not remembered at all, improving off-the-cuff, real-time group communication.

                                          All three solutions are very easy to implement. The hard part to any of these is that your co-workers have to want to talk with you as much as you want to chat with them.







                                          share|improve this answer














                                          share|improve this answer



                                          share|improve this answer








                                          edited Mar 10 '14 at 2:02

























                                          answered Sep 19 '12 at 20:14









                                          inanutshellus

                                          1214




                                          1214




















                                              up vote
                                              1
                                              down vote













                                              Leveraging cross-functional people to help is good too. For instance, as a data person, I work for multiple teams on multiple projects at the same time. If people brag to me about how they solved problem XYZ and later someone mentions they have problem XYZ, I tend to put the two people together. So use those people (data people, systems people, QA testers, tech writers) as people you tell information to. We often see where there are similar challenges on different teams, make it ok for us to talk to you about it.






                                              share|improve this answer
























                                                up vote
                                                1
                                                down vote













                                                Leveraging cross-functional people to help is good too. For instance, as a data person, I work for multiple teams on multiple projects at the same time. If people brag to me about how they solved problem XYZ and later someone mentions they have problem XYZ, I tend to put the two people together. So use those people (data people, systems people, QA testers, tech writers) as people you tell information to. We often see where there are similar challenges on different teams, make it ok for us to talk to you about it.






                                                share|improve this answer






















                                                  up vote
                                                  1
                                                  down vote










                                                  up vote
                                                  1
                                                  down vote









                                                  Leveraging cross-functional people to help is good too. For instance, as a data person, I work for multiple teams on multiple projects at the same time. If people brag to me about how they solved problem XYZ and later someone mentions they have problem XYZ, I tend to put the two people together. So use those people (data people, systems people, QA testers, tech writers) as people you tell information to. We often see where there are similar challenges on different teams, make it ok for us to talk to you about it.






                                                  share|improve this answer












                                                  Leveraging cross-functional people to help is good too. For instance, as a data person, I work for multiple teams on multiple projects at the same time. If people brag to me about how they solved problem XYZ and later someone mentions they have problem XYZ, I tend to put the two people together. So use those people (data people, systems people, QA testers, tech writers) as people you tell information to. We often see where there are similar challenges on different teams, make it ok for us to talk to you about it.







                                                  share|improve this answer












                                                  share|improve this answer



                                                  share|improve this answer










                                                  answered Sep 13 '12 at 17:00









                                                  HLGEM

                                                  133k25227489




                                                  133k25227489




















                                                      up vote
                                                      1
                                                      down vote













                                                      I am a consultant and we invite everyone on the blended team to a daily stand up meeting (scrum) as well as a weekly status which generally works pretty well.



                                                      The main challenge here is that each team has its own set of priorities and it is sometimes difficult to get them to buy into what you are trying to do.



                                                      You will have to be the one to be proactive and get everyone together.






                                                      share|improve this answer
























                                                        up vote
                                                        1
                                                        down vote













                                                        I am a consultant and we invite everyone on the blended team to a daily stand up meeting (scrum) as well as a weekly status which generally works pretty well.



                                                        The main challenge here is that each team has its own set of priorities and it is sometimes difficult to get them to buy into what you are trying to do.



                                                        You will have to be the one to be proactive and get everyone together.






                                                        share|improve this answer






















                                                          up vote
                                                          1
                                                          down vote










                                                          up vote
                                                          1
                                                          down vote









                                                          I am a consultant and we invite everyone on the blended team to a daily stand up meeting (scrum) as well as a weekly status which generally works pretty well.



                                                          The main challenge here is that each team has its own set of priorities and it is sometimes difficult to get them to buy into what you are trying to do.



                                                          You will have to be the one to be proactive and get everyone together.






                                                          share|improve this answer












                                                          I am a consultant and we invite everyone on the blended team to a daily stand up meeting (scrum) as well as a weekly status which generally works pretty well.



                                                          The main challenge here is that each team has its own set of priorities and it is sometimes difficult to get them to buy into what you are trying to do.



                                                          You will have to be the one to be proactive and get everyone together.







                                                          share|improve this answer












                                                          share|improve this answer



                                                          share|improve this answer










                                                          answered Sep 13 '12 at 19:35









                                                          Robert Greiner

                                                          1,6191011




                                                          1,6191011




















                                                              up vote
                                                              0
                                                              down vote













                                                              If possible, have folks from the different teams sit next to each other. Don't group offices, desks or cubes by team. It helps to share ideas and information across disciplines and helps to bring gaps and overlaps to light. Keeping the teams that are working on related projects separate creates a mentality of ours vs. theirs.



                                                              This is assuming you're in the same geographic location. :-)






                                                              share|improve this answer
























                                                                up vote
                                                                0
                                                                down vote













                                                                If possible, have folks from the different teams sit next to each other. Don't group offices, desks or cubes by team. It helps to share ideas and information across disciplines and helps to bring gaps and overlaps to light. Keeping the teams that are working on related projects separate creates a mentality of ours vs. theirs.



                                                                This is assuming you're in the same geographic location. :-)






                                                                share|improve this answer






















                                                                  up vote
                                                                  0
                                                                  down vote










                                                                  up vote
                                                                  0
                                                                  down vote









                                                                  If possible, have folks from the different teams sit next to each other. Don't group offices, desks or cubes by team. It helps to share ideas and information across disciplines and helps to bring gaps and overlaps to light. Keeping the teams that are working on related projects separate creates a mentality of ours vs. theirs.



                                                                  This is assuming you're in the same geographic location. :-)






                                                                  share|improve this answer












                                                                  If possible, have folks from the different teams sit next to each other. Don't group offices, desks or cubes by team. It helps to share ideas and information across disciplines and helps to bring gaps and overlaps to light. Keeping the teams that are working on related projects separate creates a mentality of ours vs. theirs.



                                                                  This is assuming you're in the same geographic location. :-)







                                                                  share|improve this answer












                                                                  share|improve this answer



                                                                  share|improve this answer










                                                                  answered Sep 13 '12 at 15:04









                                                                  ckoerner

                                                                  1886




                                                                  1886






















                                                                       

                                                                      draft saved


                                                                      draft discarded


























                                                                       


                                                                      draft saved


                                                                      draft discarded














                                                                      StackExchange.ready(
                                                                      function ()
                                                                      StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fworkplace.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f3941%2fhow-can-i-improve-informal-communication-between-teams%23new-answer', 'question_page');

                                                                      );

                                                                      Post as a guest

















































































                                                                      Comments

                                                                      Popular posts from this blog

                                                                      What does second last employer means? [closed]

                                                                      List of Gilmore Girls characters

                                                                      Confectionery