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What cases were used in compounds?
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In Greco-Latin compound words, I generally use the bare stems for all but the last component, joined together with stem vowels (in Greek) or i (in Latin). For example, certifaciÃ…Â (> certify) comes from the bare stem cert- plus the conjugated verb faciÃ…Â, joined together with i.
However, this answer indicates a difference between ÃŽÂαÃ…Ãι-κάα with the dative plural and ÃŽÂαÃÂ…-κάα with the nominative singular.
Is it common for parts of compounds to decline on their own like this? If so, what cases and numbers are used?
grammar-choice
asked Aug 15 at 18:46
Draconis
12.1k11649
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up vote
6
down vote
favorite
In Greco-Latin compound words, I generally use the bare stems for all but the last component, joined together with stem vowels (in Greek) or i (in Latin). For example, certifaciÃ…Â (> certify) comes from the bare stem cert- plus the conjugated verb faciÃ…Â, joined together with i.
However, this answer indicates a difference between ÃŽÂαÃ…Ãι-κάα with the dative plural and ÃŽÂαÃÂ…-κάα with the nominative singular.
Is it common for parts of compounds to decline on their own like this? If so, what cases and numbers are used?
grammar-choice
asked Aug 15 at 18:46
Draconis
12.1k11649
Is certifacio a good example? Seems more like a late compound. The verb root was thematized in -ÄÂ-, which should involve a lot of <s>speaker laziness</s> progressive lenitions to end up as short -i-. Also, according to Harper, Old French had -e- there. I'd also not discount the -u > -i route, implying the original ablative or accusative, not a bare root (intermediate *certufactio?).
– kkm
Aug 19 at 1:28
@kkm Fair point. What would you consider the most archetypal compound?
– Draconis
Aug 19 at 2:16
Good question! L&S mentions argicultio was spelled argi cultio in Var. and Cic., so it looks like a good example of the word in the process of fossilization. I'll try to look up more examples.
– kkm
Aug 19 at 3:02
add a comment |Â
up vote
6
down vote
favorite
up vote
6
down vote
favorite
In Greco-Latin compound words, I generally use the bare stems for all but the last component, joined together with stem vowels (in Greek) or i (in Latin). For example, certifaciÃ…Â (> certify) comes from the bare stem cert- plus the conjugated verb faciÃ…Â, joined together with i.
However, this answer indicates a difference between ÃŽÂαÃ…Ãι-κάα with the dative plural and ÃŽÂαÃÂ…-κάα with the nominative singular.
Is it common for parts of compounds to decline on their own like this? If so, what cases and numbers are used?
grammar-choice
asked Aug 15 at 18:46
Draconis
12.1k11649
In Greco-Latin compound words, I generally use the bare stems for all but the last component, joined together with stem vowels (in Greek) or i (in Latin). For example, certifaciÃ…Â (> certify) comes from the bare stem cert- plus the conjugated verb faciÃ…Â, joined together with i.
However, this answer indicates a difference between ÃŽÂαÃ…Ãι-κάα with the dative plural and ÃŽÂαÃÂ…-κάα with the nominative singular.
Is it common for parts of compounds to decline on their own like this? If so, what cases and numbers are used?
grammar-choice
asked Aug 15 at 18:46
Draconis
12.1k11649
asked Aug 15 at 18:46
Draconis
12.1k11649
asked Aug 15 at 18:46
Draconis
12.1k11649
asked Aug 15 at 18:46
Draconis
12.1k11649
12.1k11649
Is certifacio a good example? Seems more like a late compound. The verb root was thematized in -ÄÂ-, which should involve a lot of <s>speaker laziness</s> progressive lenitions to end up as short -i-. Also, according to Harper, Old French had -e- there. I'd also not discount the -u > -i route, implying the original ablative or accusative, not a bare root (intermediate *certufactio?).
– kkm
Aug 19 at 1:28
@kkm Fair point. What would you consider the most archetypal compound?
– Draconis
Aug 19 at 2:16
Good question! L&S mentions argicultio was spelled argi cultio in Var. and Cic., so it looks like a good example of the word in the process of fossilization. I'll try to look up more examples.
– kkm
Aug 19 at 3:02
add a comment |Â
Is certifacio a good example? Seems more like a late compound. The verb root was thematized in -ÄÂ-, which should involve a lot of <s>speaker laziness</s> progressive lenitions to end up as short -i-. Also, according to Harper, Old French had -e- there. I'd also not discount the -u > -i route, implying the original ablative or accusative, not a bare root (intermediate *certufactio?).
– kkm
Aug 19 at 1:28
@kkm Fair point. What would you consider the most archetypal compound?
– Draconis
Aug 19 at 2:16
Good question! L&S mentions argicultio was spelled argi cultio in Var. and Cic., so it looks like a good example of the word in the process of fossilization. I'll try to look up more examples.
– kkm
Aug 19 at 3:02
Is certifacio a good example? Seems more like a late compound. The verb root was thematized in -ÄÂ-, which should involve a lot of <s>speaker laziness</s> progressive lenitions to end up as short -i-. Also, according to Harper, Old French had -e- there. I'd also not discount the -u > -i route, implying the original ablative or accusative, not a bare root (intermediate *certufactio?).
– kkm
Aug 19 at 1:28
Is certifacio a good example? Seems more like a late compound. The verb root was thematized in -ÄÂ-, which should involve a lot of <s>speaker laziness</s> progressive lenitions to end up as short -i-. Also, according to Harper, Old French had -e- there. I'd also not discount the -u > -i route, implying the original ablative or accusative, not a bare root (intermediate *certufactio?).
– kkm
Aug 19 at 1:28
@kkm Fair point. What would you consider the most archetypal compound?
– Draconis
Aug 19 at 2:16
@kkm Fair point. What would you consider the most archetypal compound?
– Draconis
Aug 19 at 2:16
Good question! L&S mentions argicultio was spelled argi cultio in Var. and Cic., so it looks like a good example of the word in the process of fossilization. I'll try to look up more examples.
– kkm
Aug 19 at 3:02
Good question! L&S mentions argicultio was spelled argi cultio in Var. and Cic., so it looks like a good example of the word in the process of fossilization. I'll try to look up more examples.
– kkm
Aug 19 at 3:02
add a comment |Â
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
up vote
8
down vote
accepted
Though bare-stem compounding is the usual method in Indo-European, compounds with an inflected first member are actually not uncommon in many IE languages. It seems that all cases could be used. For Greek, Smyth (who calls these "flectional compounds") offers the following examples (879):
A compound whose first part is a case form, not a stem, is called a flectional compound (cp. sportsman, kinsfolk): (1) nominative: ÄÃÂειÃ-καί-δεκα thirteen; (2) genitive: ΔιÃŒÃ-κοÃÂ…ÃÂοι Dioscuri (sons of Zeus), ἙλλήÃ-ÀονÄο Helle's sea, ΠελοÀÌν-νηÃο (for ΠελοÀοÃ-νηÃοÂ, 105 a) Pelops' island; (3) dative: δοÃÂί-ληÀÄο won by the spear; (4) locative: á½Âδοι-ÀÃÂŒÃÂο wayfarer, ÃŽÂ Ã…λοι-γενή born in Pylus.
Some examples from Latin and Sanskrit are given in Kathryn Klingebiel (1989), Noun+Verb Compounding in Western Romance, ch. 2:
- Latin: lēgis-lÄÂtor, with genitive first member; manÅ«-missiÃ…Â, with ablative first member
- Sanskrit: vÄÂjam-bharÄÂh "prize-bearing", with accusative first member; amhasas-pati "name of an intercalary month", with genitive first member
ETA: Speaking of Nausicaa, there are a number of other Greek compounds with the first element nausi- clearly functioning as a dative, e.g. ναÃ…ÃίÀοÃÂο "traversed by ships, navigable", ναÃ…ÃιÆÃÂŒÃÂηÄο "carried by ships", as well as another Phaeacean royal name ÃŽÂαÃ…Ãίθοο "swift in/by/with ships".
answered Aug 15 at 19:40
TKR
12.5k2755
This lack of uniformity happens in Spanish too. I think it has to do with how old the compound is/how deep it has made it into the language by its own. I think res publica is an example of a compound that underwent the process of becoming a single word (and being treated as such)
– Rafael
Aug 15 at 21:20
@Rafael Res publica is an interesting example -- it's somewhat different from the ones above in that both parts decline (rei publicae etc.) rather than the first part remaining unchanged, but I think you're right that it can be thought of as a compound.
– TKR
Aug 15 at 21:44
1
@Rafael And you could argue that even in Classical Latin since the order is basically fixed (I don't recall ever seeing publica res, nor res ... publica with other words in between) it's well on its way to being a compound.
– TKR
Aug 15 at 21:59
1
@Rafael. It is correct that in the conservative IE languages there are a limited number of compounds where the first component (Vorderglied) is a fossilized inflected form (typically genitive singular). But it is fossilized; the Vorderglied is not inflected according to the syntactic environment. “Res publica†inflects both words and is consequently a phrase, not a compound.
– fdb
Aug 16 at 8:34
1
@fdb Couldn’t agree more. If I understood Tribulato correctly, such compounds were known as “improper†and were formed via univerbation.
– Alex B.
Aug 16 at 13:27
 |Â
show 3 more comments
up vote
1
down vote
Yes, this is how compounds work in all IE languages: only the last component is variable for number and case. Even in English (“carwash†= “a place where cars are washedâ€Â). This consideration speaks against the proposed etymology of ÃŽÂαÃ…Ãικάα.
answered Aug 15 at 18:55
fdb
9,38211126
I wouldn't say all: double declension is certainly a thing. But this confirms what I suspected.
– Draconis
Aug 15 at 19:13
@Draconis. Please note that I said "all IE languages", not "all compounds".
– fdb
Aug 16 at 7:57
add a comment |Â
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
up vote
8
down vote
accepted
Though bare-stem compounding is the usual method in Indo-European, compounds with an inflected first member are actually not uncommon in many IE languages. It seems that all cases could be used. For Greek, Smyth (who calls these "flectional compounds") offers the following examples (879):
A compound whose first part is a case form, not a stem, is called a flectional compound (cp. sportsman, kinsfolk): (1) nominative: ÄÃÂειÃ-καί-δεκα thirteen; (2) genitive: ΔιÃŒÃ-κοÃÂ…ÃÂοι Dioscuri (sons of Zeus), ἙλλήÃ-ÀονÄο Helle's sea, ΠελοÀÌν-νηÃο (for ΠελοÀοÃ-νηÃοÂ, 105 a) Pelops' island; (3) dative: δοÃÂί-ληÀÄο won by the spear; (4) locative: á½Âδοι-ÀÃÂŒÃÂο wayfarer, ÃŽÂ Ã…λοι-γενή born in Pylus.
Some examples from Latin and Sanskrit are given in Kathryn Klingebiel (1989), Noun+Verb Compounding in Western Romance, ch. 2:
- Latin: lēgis-lÄÂtor, with genitive first member; manÅ«-missiÃ…Â, with ablative first member
- Sanskrit: vÄÂjam-bharÄÂh "prize-bearing", with accusative first member; amhasas-pati "name of an intercalary month", with genitive first member
ETA: Speaking of Nausicaa, there are a number of other Greek compounds with the first element nausi- clearly functioning as a dative, e.g. ναÃ…ÃίÀοÃÂο "traversed by ships, navigable", ναÃ…ÃιÆÃÂŒÃÂηÄο "carried by ships", as well as another Phaeacean royal name ÃŽÂαÃ…Ãίθοο "swift in/by/with ships".
answered Aug 15 at 19:40
TKR
12.5k2755
This lack of uniformity happens in Spanish too. I think it has to do with how old the compound is/how deep it has made it into the language by its own. I think res publica is an example of a compound that underwent the process of becoming a single word (and being treated as such)
– Rafael
Aug 15 at 21:20
@Rafael Res publica is an interesting example -- it's somewhat different from the ones above in that both parts decline (rei publicae etc.) rather than the first part remaining unchanged, but I think you're right that it can be thought of as a compound.
– TKR
Aug 15 at 21:44
1
@Rafael And you could argue that even in Classical Latin since the order is basically fixed (I don't recall ever seeing publica res, nor res ... publica with other words in between) it's well on its way to being a compound.
– TKR
Aug 15 at 21:59
1
@Rafael. It is correct that in the conservative IE languages there are a limited number of compounds where the first component (Vorderglied) is a fossilized inflected form (typically genitive singular). But it is fossilized; the Vorderglied is not inflected according to the syntactic environment. “Res publica†inflects both words and is consequently a phrase, not a compound.
– fdb
Aug 16 at 8:34
1
@fdb Couldn’t agree more. If I understood Tribulato correctly, such compounds were known as “improper†and were formed via univerbation.
– Alex B.
Aug 16 at 13:27
 |Â
show 3 more comments
up vote
8
down vote
accepted
Though bare-stem compounding is the usual method in Indo-European, compounds with an inflected first member are actually not uncommon in many IE languages. It seems that all cases could be used. For Greek, Smyth (who calls these "flectional compounds") offers the following examples (879):
A compound whose first part is a case form, not a stem, is called a flectional compound (cp. sportsman, kinsfolk): (1) nominative: ÄÃÂειÃ-καί-δεκα thirteen; (2) genitive: ΔιÃŒÃ-κοÃÂ…ÃÂοι Dioscuri (sons of Zeus), ἙλλήÃ-ÀονÄο Helle's sea, ΠελοÀÌν-νηÃο (for ΠελοÀοÃ-νηÃοÂ, 105 a) Pelops' island; (3) dative: δοÃÂί-ληÀÄο won by the spear; (4) locative: á½Âδοι-ÀÃÂŒÃÂο wayfarer, ÃŽÂ Ã…λοι-γενή born in Pylus.
Some examples from Latin and Sanskrit are given in Kathryn Klingebiel (1989), Noun+Verb Compounding in Western Romance, ch. 2:
- Latin: lēgis-lÄÂtor, with genitive first member; manÅ«-missiÃ…Â, with ablative first member
- Sanskrit: vÄÂjam-bharÄÂh "prize-bearing", with accusative first member; amhasas-pati "name of an intercalary month", with genitive first member
ETA: Speaking of Nausicaa, there are a number of other Greek compounds with the first element nausi- clearly functioning as a dative, e.g. ναÃ…ÃίÀοÃÂο "traversed by ships, navigable", ναÃ…ÃιÆÃÂŒÃÂηÄο "carried by ships", as well as another Phaeacean royal name ÃŽÂαÃ…Ãίθοο "swift in/by/with ships".
answered Aug 15 at 19:40
TKR
12.5k2755
This lack of uniformity happens in Spanish too. I think it has to do with how old the compound is/how deep it has made it into the language by its own. I think res publica is an example of a compound that underwent the process of becoming a single word (and being treated as such)
– Rafael
Aug 15 at 21:20
@Rafael Res publica is an interesting example -- it's somewhat different from the ones above in that both parts decline (rei publicae etc.) rather than the first part remaining unchanged, but I think you're right that it can be thought of as a compound.
– TKR
Aug 15 at 21:44
1
@Rafael And you could argue that even in Classical Latin since the order is basically fixed (I don't recall ever seeing publica res, nor res ... publica with other words in between) it's well on its way to being a compound.
– TKR
Aug 15 at 21:59
1
@Rafael. It is correct that in the conservative IE languages there are a limited number of compounds where the first component (Vorderglied) is a fossilized inflected form (typically genitive singular). But it is fossilized; the Vorderglied is not inflected according to the syntactic environment. “Res publica†inflects both words and is consequently a phrase, not a compound.
– fdb
Aug 16 at 8:34
1
@fdb Couldn’t agree more. If I understood Tribulato correctly, such compounds were known as “improper†and were formed via univerbation.
– Alex B.
Aug 16 at 13:27
 |Â
show 3 more comments
up vote
8
down vote
accepted
up vote
8
down vote
accepted
Though bare-stem compounding is the usual method in Indo-European, compounds with an inflected first member are actually not uncommon in many IE languages. It seems that all cases could be used. For Greek, Smyth (who calls these "flectional compounds") offers the following examples (879):
A compound whose first part is a case form, not a stem, is called a flectional compound (cp. sportsman, kinsfolk): (1) nominative: ÄÃÂειÃ-καί-δεκα thirteen; (2) genitive: ΔιÃŒÃ-κοÃÂ…ÃÂοι Dioscuri (sons of Zeus), ἙλλήÃ-ÀονÄο Helle's sea, ΠελοÀÌν-νηÃο (for ΠελοÀοÃ-νηÃοÂ, 105 a) Pelops' island; (3) dative: δοÃÂί-ληÀÄο won by the spear; (4) locative: á½Âδοι-ÀÃÂŒÃÂο wayfarer, ÃŽÂ Ã…λοι-γενή born in Pylus.
Some examples from Latin and Sanskrit are given in Kathryn Klingebiel (1989), Noun+Verb Compounding in Western Romance, ch. 2:
- Latin: lēgis-lÄÂtor, with genitive first member; manÅ«-missiÃ…Â, with ablative first member
- Sanskrit: vÄÂjam-bharÄÂh "prize-bearing", with accusative first member; amhasas-pati "name of an intercalary month", with genitive first member
ETA: Speaking of Nausicaa, there are a number of other Greek compounds with the first element nausi- clearly functioning as a dative, e.g. ναÃ…ÃίÀοÃÂο "traversed by ships, navigable", ναÃ…ÃιÆÃÂŒÃÂηÄο "carried by ships", as well as another Phaeacean royal name ÃŽÂαÃ…Ãίθοο "swift in/by/with ships".
answered Aug 15 at 19:40
TKR
12.5k2755
Though bare-stem compounding is the usual method in Indo-European, compounds with an inflected first member are actually not uncommon in many IE languages. It seems that all cases could be used. For Greek, Smyth (who calls these "flectional compounds") offers the following examples (879):
A compound whose first part is a case form, not a stem, is called a flectional compound (cp. sportsman, kinsfolk): (1) nominative: ÄÃÂειÃ-καί-δεκα thirteen; (2) genitive: ΔιÃŒÃ-κοÃÂ…ÃÂοι Dioscuri (sons of Zeus), ἙλλήÃ-ÀονÄο Helle's sea, ΠελοÀÌν-νηÃο (for ΠελοÀοÃ-νηÃοÂ, 105 a) Pelops' island; (3) dative: δοÃÂί-ληÀÄο won by the spear; (4) locative: á½Âδοι-ÀÃÂŒÃÂο wayfarer, ÃŽÂ Ã…λοι-γενή born in Pylus.
Some examples from Latin and Sanskrit are given in Kathryn Klingebiel (1989), Noun+Verb Compounding in Western Romance, ch. 2:
- Latin: lēgis-lÄÂtor, with genitive first member; manÅ«-missiÃ…Â, with ablative first member
- Sanskrit: vÄÂjam-bharÄÂh "prize-bearing", with accusative first member; amhasas-pati "name of an intercalary month", with genitive first member
ETA: Speaking of Nausicaa, there are a number of other Greek compounds with the first element nausi- clearly functioning as a dative, e.g. ναÃ…ÃίÀοÃÂο "traversed by ships, navigable", ναÃ…ÃιÆÃÂŒÃÂηÄο "carried by ships", as well as another Phaeacean royal name ÃŽÂαÃ…Ãίθοο "swift in/by/with ships".
answered Aug 15 at 19:40
TKR
12.5k2755
edited Aug 15 at 19:53
answered Aug 15 at 19:40
TKR
12.5k2755
answered Aug 15 at 19:40
TKR
12.5k2755
answered Aug 15 at 19:40
TKR
12.5k2755
12.5k2755
This lack of uniformity happens in Spanish too. I think it has to do with how old the compound is/how deep it has made it into the language by its own. I think res publica is an example of a compound that underwent the process of becoming a single word (and being treated as such)
– Rafael
Aug 15 at 21:20
@Rafael Res publica is an interesting example -- it's somewhat different from the ones above in that both parts decline (rei publicae etc.) rather than the first part remaining unchanged, but I think you're right that it can be thought of as a compound.
– TKR
Aug 15 at 21:44
1
@Rafael And you could argue that even in Classical Latin since the order is basically fixed (I don't recall ever seeing publica res, nor res ... publica with other words in between) it's well on its way to being a compound.
– TKR
Aug 15 at 21:59
1
@Rafael. It is correct that in the conservative IE languages there are a limited number of compounds where the first component (Vorderglied) is a fossilized inflected form (typically genitive singular). But it is fossilized; the Vorderglied is not inflected according to the syntactic environment. “Res publica†inflects both words and is consequently a phrase, not a compound.
– fdb
Aug 16 at 8:34
1
@fdb Couldn’t agree more. If I understood Tribulato correctly, such compounds were known as “improper†and were formed via univerbation.
– Alex B.
Aug 16 at 13:27
 |Â
show 3 more comments
This lack of uniformity happens in Spanish too. I think it has to do with how old the compound is/how deep it has made it into the language by its own. I think res publica is an example of a compound that underwent the process of becoming a single word (and being treated as such)
– Rafael
Aug 15 at 21:20
@Rafael Res publica is an interesting example -- it's somewhat different from the ones above in that both parts decline (rei publicae etc.) rather than the first part remaining unchanged, but I think you're right that it can be thought of as a compound.
– TKR
Aug 15 at 21:44
1
@Rafael And you could argue that even in Classical Latin since the order is basically fixed (I don't recall ever seeing publica res, nor res ... publica with other words in between) it's well on its way to being a compound.
– TKR
Aug 15 at 21:59
1
@Rafael. It is correct that in the conservative IE languages there are a limited number of compounds where the first component (Vorderglied) is a fossilized inflected form (typically genitive singular). But it is fossilized; the Vorderglied is not inflected according to the syntactic environment. “Res publica†inflects both words and is consequently a phrase, not a compound.
– fdb
Aug 16 at 8:34
1
@fdb Couldn’t agree more. If I understood Tribulato correctly, such compounds were known as “improper†and were formed via univerbation.
– Alex B.
Aug 16 at 13:27
This lack of uniformity happens in Spanish too. I think it has to do with how old the compound is/how deep it has made it into the language by its own. I think res publica is an example of a compound that underwent the process of becoming a single word (and being treated as such)
– Rafael
Aug 15 at 21:20
This lack of uniformity happens in Spanish too. I think it has to do with how old the compound is/how deep it has made it into the language by its own. I think res publica is an example of a compound that underwent the process of becoming a single word (and being treated as such)
– Rafael
Aug 15 at 21:20
@Rafael Res publica is an interesting example -- it's somewhat different from the ones above in that both parts decline (rei publicae etc.) rather than the first part remaining unchanged, but I think you're right that it can be thought of as a compound.
– TKR
Aug 15 at 21:44
@Rafael Res publica is an interesting example -- it's somewhat different from the ones above in that both parts decline (rei publicae etc.) rather than the first part remaining unchanged, but I think you're right that it can be thought of as a compound.
– TKR
Aug 15 at 21:44
1
1
@Rafael And you could argue that even in Classical Latin since the order is basically fixed (I don't recall ever seeing publica res, nor res ... publica with other words in between) it's well on its way to being a compound.
– TKR
Aug 15 at 21:59
@Rafael And you could argue that even in Classical Latin since the order is basically fixed (I don't recall ever seeing publica res, nor res ... publica with other words in between) it's well on its way to being a compound.
– TKR
Aug 15 at 21:59
1
1
@Rafael. It is correct that in the conservative IE languages there are a limited number of compounds where the first component (Vorderglied) is a fossilized inflected form (typically genitive singular). But it is fossilized; the Vorderglied is not inflected according to the syntactic environment. “Res publica†inflects both words and is consequently a phrase, not a compound.
– fdb
Aug 16 at 8:34
@Rafael. It is correct that in the conservative IE languages there are a limited number of compounds where the first component (Vorderglied) is a fossilized inflected form (typically genitive singular). But it is fossilized; the Vorderglied is not inflected according to the syntactic environment. “Res publica†inflects both words and is consequently a phrase, not a compound.
– fdb
Aug 16 at 8:34
1
1
@fdb Couldn’t agree more. If I understood Tribulato correctly, such compounds were known as “improper†and were formed via univerbation.
– Alex B.
Aug 16 at 13:27
@fdb Couldn’t agree more. If I understood Tribulato correctly, such compounds were known as “improper†and were formed via univerbation.
– Alex B.
Aug 16 at 13:27
 |Â
show 3 more comments
up vote
1
down vote
Yes, this is how compounds work in all IE languages: only the last component is variable for number and case. Even in English (“carwash†= “a place where cars are washedâ€Â). This consideration speaks against the proposed etymology of ÃŽÂαÃ…Ãικάα.
answered Aug 15 at 18:55
fdb
9,38211126
I wouldn't say all: double declension is certainly a thing. But this confirms what I suspected.
– Draconis
Aug 15 at 19:13
@Draconis. Please note that I said "all IE languages", not "all compounds".
– fdb
Aug 16 at 7:57
add a comment |Â
up vote
1
down vote
Yes, this is how compounds work in all IE languages: only the last component is variable for number and case. Even in English (“carwash†= “a place where cars are washedâ€Â). This consideration speaks against the proposed etymology of ÃŽÂαÃ…Ãικάα.
answered Aug 15 at 18:55
fdb
9,38211126
I wouldn't say all: double declension is certainly a thing. But this confirms what I suspected.
– Draconis
Aug 15 at 19:13
@Draconis. Please note that I said "all IE languages", not "all compounds".
– fdb
Aug 16 at 7:57
add a comment |Â
up vote
1
down vote
up vote
1
down vote
Yes, this is how compounds work in all IE languages: only the last component is variable for number and case. Even in English (“carwash†= “a place where cars are washedâ€Â). This consideration speaks against the proposed etymology of ÃŽÂαÃ…Ãικάα.
answered Aug 15 at 18:55
fdb
9,38211126
Yes, this is how compounds work in all IE languages: only the last component is variable for number and case. Even in English (“carwash†= “a place where cars are washedâ€Â). This consideration speaks against the proposed etymology of ÃŽÂαÃ…Ãικάα.
answered Aug 15 at 18:55
fdb
9,38211126
answered Aug 15 at 18:55
fdb
9,38211126
answered Aug 15 at 18:55
fdb
9,38211126
answered Aug 15 at 18:55
fdb
9,38211126
9,38211126
I wouldn't say all: double declension is certainly a thing. But this confirms what I suspected.
– Draconis
Aug 15 at 19:13
@Draconis. Please note that I said "all IE languages", not "all compounds".
– fdb
Aug 16 at 7:57
add a comment |Â
I wouldn't say all: double declension is certainly a thing. But this confirms what I suspected.
– Draconis
Aug 15 at 19:13
@Draconis. Please note that I said "all IE languages", not "all compounds".
– fdb
Aug 16 at 7:57
I wouldn't say all: double declension is certainly a thing. But this confirms what I suspected.
– Draconis
Aug 15 at 19:13
I wouldn't say all: double declension is certainly a thing. But this confirms what I suspected.
– Draconis
Aug 15 at 19:13
@Draconis. Please note that I said "all IE languages", not "all compounds".
– fdb
Aug 16 at 7:57
@Draconis. Please note that I said "all IE languages", not "all compounds".
– fdb
Aug 16 at 7:57
add a comment |Â
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Is certifacio a good example? Seems more like a late compound. The verb root was thematized in -ÄÂ-, which should involve a lot of <s>speaker laziness</s> progressive lenitions to end up as short -i-. Also, according to Harper, Old French had -e- there. I'd also not discount the -u > -i route, implying the original ablative or accusative, not a bare root (intermediate *certufactio?).
– kkm
Aug 19 at 1:28
@kkm Fair point. What would you consider the most archetypal compound?
– Draconis
Aug 19 at 2:16
Good question! L&S mentions argicultio was spelled argi cultio in Var. and Cic., so it looks like a good example of the word in the process of fossilization. I'll try to look up more examples.
– kkm
Aug 19 at 3:02